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Untitled Flashcards Set

  1. Gastrin: a hormone secreted by the small intestine in the presence of fatty acids and sugars; it also inhibits acid production and peristalsis to slow down the rate at which food enters the small intestine

  2. Secretin: a hormone which stimulates sodium bicarbonate secretion in the small intestine

  3. Intestinal Phase: third digestive phase; begins when chyme enters the small intestine, triggering digestive secretions and controlling the rate of gastric emptying

  4. Gastrovascular Cavity: digestive system consisting of a single opening

  5. Cephalic Phase: first phase of digestion, controlled by the neural response to the stimulus provided by food

  6. Dipeptidase: a protease that breaks down peptides to single amino acids; secreted by the brush border of the small intestine

  7. Chyme: mixture of partially digested food and stomach juices

  8. Ruminant: an animal with a stomach divided into four compartments

  9. Sphincter: A band of muscle that controls the movement of materials throughout the digestive tract

  10. Lipase: an enzyme that chemically breaks down lipids

  11. Endocrines: a system that controls the response of the various glands in the body and the release of hormones at the appropriate times

  12. Bolus: a mass of food resulting from the chewing action and wetting by saliva

  13. Somatostatin: a hormone released to stop acid secretion when the stomach is empty

  14. Gizzard: the muscular organ that grinds food

  15. Pepsin: an enzyme found in the stomach whose main role is protein digestion

  16. Duodenum: the first part of the small intestine, where a large part of the digestion of carbohydrates and fats occurs

  17. Sucrase: an enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose

  18. Large Intestine: digestive system organ that reabsorbs water from undigested material and processes waste matter

  19. Trypsin: a pancreatic protease that breaks down protein

  20. Villi: folds on the inner surface of the small intestine whose role is to increase the absorption area

  21. Inhibitory Peptide: last part of the small intestine; connects the small intestine to the large intestine; important for absorption of B-12

  22. Rectum: area of the body where feces are stored until elimination

  23. Lactase: an enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

  24. Peristalsis: wave-like movements of muscle tissue

  25. System: organs where the digestion of protein, fats, and carbohydrates is completed

  26. Elastase: pancreatic protease

  27. Liver: the organ that produces bile for digestion and processes vitamins and lipids

  28. Anus: exit point for waste material

  29. Chymotrypsin: pancreatic protease

  30. Jejunum: the second part of the small intestine

  31. Esophagus: A muscular tube that conducts food, by peristalsis, from the pharynx to the stomach. 

  32. Stomach: An organ of the digestive system that stores food and performs preliminary steps of digestion.

  33. Gallbladder: An organ that stores the bile and releases it as needed into the small intestine.

  34. Pancreas: A gland with exocrine and endocrine tissues. The exocrine portion functions in digestion, secreting enzymes and an alkaline solution into the small intestine via a duct; the ductless endocrine portion functions in homeostasis, secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood.

  35. Transverse Colon: The longest part of the colon runs from right to left at the top of the abdomen. It carries food waste to the descending colon.

  36. Descending Colon: the section of the large intestine on the left side of the body; it plays a role in storing feces before it's emptied into the rectum

  37. Ileum: The last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine).

  38. Appendix: A small, finger-like extension of the vertebrate cecum; contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity.

  39. Cecum: The blind pouch forming one branch of the large intestine.

  40. Ascending Colon: The first part of the large intestine, located on the right side of the abdomen, where it receives partially digested food from the small intestine and absorbs water and electrolytes, ultimately contributing to the formation of stool.