UNL Art History (AHIS 102) Exam 02

UNL Art History (AHIS 102) Exam 02

Leonardo da Vinci

Madonna of the Rocks (Virgin of the Rocks)

Milan

oil on wood

ca. 1485

Leonardo da Vinci

Last Supper

in Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

tempera and oil on plaster

1495-1498

Leonardo da Vinci

Mona Lisa

begun in Florence

oil on wood

ca. 1503-1506

Giorgione

The Tempest

oil on canvas

Venice

ca. 1506

Titian

Venus of Urbino

oil on canvas

Venice

ca. 1538

Chiaroscuro

Color modeling to suggest a greater degree of depth, meaning “light-dark”

Sfumato

“smoky” - transition between forms in a hazy line without strong contours

Atmospheric perspective

Usage of color and outlines to portray more realistic perspective

Poesie

Visual/painted form of poetry

Cassoni

Chests used to carry bridal clothing to a bride’s new home

Colore

Technique used to emphasize color over line

Perugino

Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter

Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome

fresco

1480-1482

Michelangelo

Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Vatican, Rome

fresco

1508-1512

Raphael

The School of Athens

in the Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome

fresco

1510-1511

Donation of Constantine

Stated the Pope was the secular ruler of Rome, and when Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople he ceded control of the Western half to the Pope

Apostolic succession

Jesus giving the keys directly to St. Peter (the receiver of legitimacy), the First Pope, representative of every pope to get elected in the Chapel

Pietà

“mercy/piety” - genre showing Mary holding Jesus in her lap, intended to evoke sympathy in the viewer

Trompe-l’oeil

“trick of the eye” - something that looks three-dimensional but is really a painted surface

Ignudi

Nude figures

Figura serpentinata

A human figure which spirals around a central axis so the legs face one direction and the torso faces the opposite way

Sybil

Ancient Greek prophets/oracles

Putti

Infant angels

Bronzino

Allegory with Venus and Cupid

Florence

oil on wood

mid 1540s

Mannerism

“maniera” style developed after Raphael’s death, known as the “stylish style” and marked a departure from classicism/idealism and compositional stability

Gentile Bellini

Portrait of Mehmed II

oil on canvas

Istanbul

1480

Gentile Bellini

Seated Scribe

pen in brown ink with watercolor and gold on paper

1479-81

Sinan

Süleymaniye Complex

Plan

Istanbul

1550-57

Sinan

Süleymaniye Complex

Mosque of Süleyman (exterior)

Istanbul

1550-57

Hijra

Muhammad’s travel from Mecca to Medina for 8 years, forming a particular system

Mecca

Holy Islamic city, place of worship in Islam religion

Koran

Sacred Islamic book, said to be the word of God dictated by archangel Gabriel

Imam

Leader of prayer in a mosque

Mihrab

An alcove in the wall of a mosque which points to Mecca

Minaret

A tower built into a mosque from which calls for prayer are announced

Qibla wall

The wall indicating the direction of the Kaaba

Madrasa

A college for Islamic instruction

Mehmed II

Ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1444-1481

Viziers

High officials under Ottoman rule

Chini khana

“porcelain house” - building with niches designed for the display of precious vessels

Matthias Grünewald

Isenheim Altarpiece

painted and gilt limewood

ca. 1500-1515

The Buxheim St. Christopher

mid 15th century

colored woodcut

Martin Schongauer

Demons Tormenting St. Anthony

ca. 1470-1480

engraving

Albrecht Dürer

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

from The Apocalypse

woodcut

Nuremberg

1497-1498

Albrecht Dürer

Adam and Eve

engraving

Nuremberg

1504

Albrecht Dürer

Four Apostles

oil on wood

Nuremberg

1526

Albrecht Altdorfer

Danube Landscape

Regensburg

oil on vellum on wood

ca. 1525

Hieronymus Bosch

Garden of Earthly Delights

oil on wood

Brussels

ca. 1505-1515

Quentin Massys

Moneychanger and His Wife

oil on wood

Antwerp

1514

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Return of the Hunters

oil on wood

Antwerp

1565

Reformation

Period of challenging the Catholic Church standards, beginning of Protestant ideals

Iconoclasm

Notion of believing too much power had been put behind Catholic imagery and thus must be destroyed; destruction of religious icons

Martin Luther

Initiator of the Reformation, sought to fix the issues in the Church and wanted a connection between the average person and God through writing

Woodcut

A type of relief printing technique with an image carved into a wooden surface

Engraving

Cutting a design into a hard/flat surface using a burin

Relief

Printing method where ink applied to a relief cut was then applied to paper, leaving solid marks of the flat areas with the recessed parts forming an image

Intaglio

Printing method where ink applied to a relief cut was then applied to paper, leaving solid marks of the recessed parts with the flat areas forming an image

Moralizing scene

Intended to depict a snapshot of real life

Bernini

David

1623

Bernini

Ecstasy of St. Teresa

Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria

1642-1652

Caravaggio

The Calling of St. Matthew

oil on canvas

Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi

1599-1600

Artemisia Gentileschi

Judith Slaying Holofernes

oil on canvas

ca. 1619-1620

Baroque

Style focused on dramatics, theatrics, movement, ephemerality, and dynamism

Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church’s response to the Reformation; their attempt to call people back to Catholicism (spiritual renewal)

Society of Jesus (Jesuit Order)

An order of Roman Catholic priests/clerics within the Catholic Church

Council of Trent (1545-63)

Council called to discuss how people would reform to Catholic faith, including setting guidelines for Catholic art

Tenebrism

Strong, stark contrast between light and shadow amplified by darker settings