Cell Vocabulary
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21 Terms
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Semi-Permeable Phospholipid Bilayer
A semipermeable membrane created by all biological organisms.
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It can let certain things into and out of the cell.
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This membrane is made up of a bilayer of phospholipids.
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Also contains proteins and cholesterol.
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Is curved and very fluid/flexible.
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It can let certain things into and out of the cell.
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This membrane is made up of a bilayer of phospholipids.
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Also contains proteins and cholesterol.
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Is curved and very fluid/flexible.
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Phospholipids
Main structural components of membranes. They have two parts, a hydrophilic head, and a hydrophobic tail.
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The heads face outwards and the tails face inwards.
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The heads face outwards and the tails face inwards.
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Protein Channels/Tunnels
Specialized areas where larger molecules can get through into the cell.
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Protein Receptors
Serves are communication for cells and detects the outside world. For example, if the skin gets cut, these receptors will identify and single towards it.
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Intracellular
Something located *within* the cell
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Intercellular
Something located *outside* the cell
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Diffusion
A process where molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration.
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Once this goes on a bit, the area will reach an equilibrium where the net movement is zero.
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Once this goes on a bit, the area will reach an equilibrium where the net movement is zero.
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Concentration Gradient
The difference between concentration on either side of the membrane.
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Passive Transport
Requires NO energy and moves with the concentration gradient. Has two types, simple and facilitated diffusion.
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Simple Diffusion
Small molecules slip through the membrane. Goes with the concentration gradient.
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Facilitated Diffusion
Larger molecules are too large to fit through the membrane. They use carrier proteins which are protein channels/tunnels.
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Active Transport
Large/large groups of molecules that go against the concentration gradient. Uses energy. There are two ‘categories‘, protein pumps and bulk transport.
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Protein Pump
Specific.
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Pumps ions across the membrane which goes against their concentration gradient. This requires energy and it changes the shape.
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Pumps ions across the membrane which goes against their concentration gradient. This requires energy and it changes the shape.
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Bulk Transport
Large molecules being carried across the membrane and this has three distinct types.
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Endocytosis
A type of bulk transport.
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Bringing material IN by folding the membrane within itself. In this, there are two kinds:
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Phagocytosis → cell eating; takes in solids
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Pinocytosis → cell drinking; takes in liquids
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Bringing material IN by folding the membrane within itself. In this, there are two kinds:
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Phagocytosis → cell eating; takes in solids
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Pinocytosis → cell drinking; takes in liquids
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Exocytosis
A type of bulk transport.
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Getting stuff like waste out of the cell. This happens through a ‘pinching’ motion.
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Getting stuff like waste out of the cell. This happens through a ‘pinching’ motion.
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Contractile Vacuole
A type of bulk transport.
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Found mostly in single celled aquatic organisms.
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Used to remove excess water from a cell kinda like how a sponge squeezes out water.
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Found mostly in single celled aquatic organisms.
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Used to remove excess water from a cell kinda like how a sponge squeezes out water.
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Osmosis
The process by which water moves across the membrane via diffusion.
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Water will keep hitting itself against the membrane and bouncing off until it can finally penetrate.
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Water will keep hitting itself against the membrane and bouncing off until it can finally penetrate.
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Hypotonic Solution
Freshwater is an example.
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Has a higher concentration(more pure) outside. Water moves *in.*
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Animal cell → As water rushes in, the animal cell will burst. This is called ‘*cytolysis*‘ meaning ‘cell breaking‘
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Plant cell → The plant cell will not burst but swell due to its cell wall. This overinflation is known as being ‘*turgid*’
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Has a higher concentration(more pure) outside. Water moves *in.*
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Animal cell → As water rushes in, the animal cell will burst. This is called ‘*cytolysis*‘ meaning ‘cell breaking‘
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Plant cell → The plant cell will not burst but swell due to its cell wall. This overinflation is known as being ‘*turgid*’
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Hypertonic Solution
Has a lower concentration(less pure) outside. Water moves *out.*
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Animal cell → As water leaves, the animal cell will shrink. This is known as being ‘*crenated*‘
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Plant cell → The plant cell will not lose its shape due to its cell wall; the cell membrane pulls away from the wall. This is described as ‘*plasmolysis*’
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Animal cell → As water leaves, the animal cell will shrink. This is known as being ‘*crenated*‘
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Plant cell → The plant cell will not lose its shape due to its cell wall; the cell membrane pulls away from the wall. This is described as ‘*plasmolysis*’
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Isotonic
Both solutions(the solute and surrounding area) have the same level of concentration. They’re at equilibrium.