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Water Scarcity
When the supply of water is less than the demand
Water surplus
When the supply for water is greater than the demand
Uses of water
Agriculture
Domestic
Leisure
Industry
Factors effecting water quality due to agriculture
Wastewater from silage and slurry
Fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides dissolve in rainwater
Soil erosion
Traces of medicine from those used to treat animals
Factors effecting water quality due to Industry
spillages of oil
when water is used as a coolant and returned to rivers at higher temperatures
toxic substances from industrial processes being released into rivers
Factors effecting water quality due to Domestic
untreated sewage
water which has been used for washing clothes and bathing
water which has been used for leisure may be treated with chlorine
traces of medicines taken by humans
Desalination
The removal of salt from sea water
What is Flooding
When the discharge of a river exceeds its river capacity
Lag time
Time taken from peak rainfall to peak discharge
Human factors that increase flood risk
Deforestation
Urbanisation
Agriculture
Human induced climate change
Physical factors which increase flood risk
Relief
Rock Type
Soil
Weather
Lack of vegetation
Hard engineering
Hard engineering involves building structures or changing the river channel - structural changes to the river.
Soft engineering
Soft engineering works with natural processes of the river and surrounding environment
Examples of hard engineering
Dams and reservoirs
Levees
Straightened channels
Examples of soft engineering
River restoration
Wetland conservation
Catchment management plans
Floodplain zoning
Case study
Spain - Tagus-Segura project
Note 
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