501 Quiz 3 - Bovine/Caprine/Ovine Diseases

Bovine - Gasous/Frothy Bloat

Gaseous = Ruminal tympany 

Result of physical blockage, neurological issue, tumor. etc

Frothy = result of diet 

Treat with Trocar Cannula or Transfaunation (fistula)

Ketosis / Pregnancy Toxemia

Causes breath to smell like acetone

Decrease in energy stores (body starts metabolizing fat) —> release of Ketones —> less appetite = negative energy balance —> downward spiral —> death

Milk Fever

= Parturient paresis

Deficiency of Ca after 2nd calf —> muscles can’t function —> paralysis —> death

White muscle disease

Aka Still Lamb Disease in sheep

Se or Vit E deficiency—> degeneration and necrosis of muscles —> limping, lameness

Tall fescue toxicosis 

Blocks nerve muscle junctions —> lameness/death

Most common in US

Larkspur poisoning

Blocks nerve muscle junctions —> trembling/death

Mastitis (both)

Infection of the teat

Strep/Staph

Most common

Due to environmental E.Coli

Staph can cause Mastitis

Anthrax

Bacteria in soil - super hearty spores that can last for decades before being released

Death —> blood from orifices

Brucellosis = Bang’s

Zoonotic - vax must be administered by a DVM

Causes abortion in 5th month of pregnancy

Source: unpasteurized milk

Calf Diphtheria

Same bacteria as Foot Rot

Fusobacterium necrophorum (anaerobic)

Cut in pharynx —> infection —> anorexia —> death

Foot and Mouth Disease

Highly contagious

Blisters on mouth, feet, udders

Foot Rot

Aka Interdigital Phlegmon

Wet soil gets stuck in hooves = breading ground for bacteria 

Johne’s Disease (both)

Due to Microbacterium Tuberculosis

Thickening/folding of intestinal wall —> can’t absorb nutrients —> diarrhea and emaciation —> cow eats but gets skinnier 

Euthanasia 

Lumpy Jaw

Aka Actinomycosis

Sharp object impacts inside of jaw —> bacterial infection

Can use Na-Iodine to treat infection but bone damage can be permanent 

Wooden Tongue

Aka Actinobaccilosis

Sharp object impacts tongue —> infection

Same Tx as Lump jaw

Mad Cow Disease

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

Bonemeal (good Ca source but used COWS) = cannibalism —> Prion Disease

Ex diseases: Creutzfeldt-Jacob, Kuru

Pinkeye

Bacteria spread through flies and dust —> ulceration of eye, tears, photophobia —> blindness

Outbreak tends to start in calves

Pneumonia (condition not specific disease)

Infection concentrated in the lungs —> crackling sound

Labored breathing, nasal discharge

Shipping fever

Stress from vaccination, castration, dehorning, weaning, shipping —> vulnerability to disease

Tuberculosis

Zoonotic, respiratory disease

Hairy foot warts

Causes lameness

A relatively weak bacteria

Cryptosporidiosis

Causes Scours in calves 1-4 weeks olk

Zoonotic; easily spread

Lice (Infestation = Pediculosis)

2 types

Suckling: pointed head

Biting: big, round head

Tend to target neck, back, face, utter

Mites —> Mange (Scabies in humans)

Causes crusts on head/neck, Pruritus (itching) + Alopecia (hair loss)

3 Types:

Sarcoptic - most intense

Chorioptic - less intense, lower legs/feet only

Demodectic - goats, not contagious

Coccidiosis

Caused by a parasitic Protozoa

Causes Bloody diarrhea

Nematodes

= Roundworm (cow eats eggs in pasture, grow and rupture intestines)

For cattle: Ostertagia ostertagi —> diarrhea, weight loss, anemia

Ringworm

Fungal

—> Skin crusting + Alopecia

IBR - Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

CORE VAXX for cattle

Bovine Herpesvirus-1 —> contagious respiratory disease —> abortion

“Red Nose”

Blackleg

CORE VAXX for cattle

Most notable Clostridial Disease (for this class)

Lives in soil/intestinal tract

Bacteria produces gas —> inflammation of muscles, toxemia, gassy swelling under skin, dragging leg

CAPRINE - Core Vax: CDT

Clostridium type C, D, Tetani 

T —> “seesaw stance”

C = Enterotoxemia —> enteritis and bloody diarrhea in young goats

** Type B —> Lamb (sheep) Dysentery

Trichostrogyles and Ostertagia

= G.I. Worms

—> Stomach pain, weight loss, diarrhea

Intestines can even burst 

Caseous Lymphadentitis (g/s)

Affects lymph nodes, esp jaw —> abscess with thick pus

One of the most common goat conditions

Listeriosis —> Encephalitis

Bacteria attacks cranial nerve 7 —> paralysis of face —> food gets stuck and can see it bulge

Orf/Sore mouth

Papules and vesicles form on mouth, feet, udder

Not fatal; can clear up on own

Entropion

Eyelid turns in/bottom eyelid too long

Eyelashes can cause ulcer

Tx: Smile procedure, Penicillin

Parrot Mouth

Lower jaw too short

Possible to grow out of

Spider syndrome

Recessive gene —> abnormal transformation of cartilage to bone —> lose joint flexibility and motility —> strange conformation/posture

Blue tongue

Viral + insect vector

Insect bites animal —> inflamm of tongue and mouth