Physics I Study Guide - Sig Figs, Metric Conversions, and Newton's First Law

Mass

the amount of matter in an object

Weight

A measure of the force of gravity on an object

Is mass scalar or vector?

scalar

Is weight a scalar or vector?

vector

What is mass measured in?

kilograms

What is weight measured in?

Newtons

vector

a quantity that has both magnitude and direction

scalar

a quantity with only magnitude

mass is what property?

intrinsic

weight is what property?

extensive

Acceleration of Earth's Gravity

9.8 m/s^2

What is a significant digit?

The way that we measure a measurement's precision

What is the pythagorean theorem

a^2 + b^2 = c^2

What are the units for the metric system?

kilo, hecto, deka, unit, deci, centi, milli

Who is Galileo Galilei?

Scientist who used telescopes to prove heliocentric theory, exiled by the church

What did Galileo discover?

All falling objects accelerate at the same rate

Galileo came to the conclusion that

an object in motion will tend to stay in motion

What is Newton's first law?

tendency to remain in current state of motion

What else is Newton's first law known as?

law of inertia

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

objects with more mass have more

inertia

What is the weight formula?

(Fg = m * g) - (g = 9.81 m/s^2

Who was Isaac Newton?

developed the principles of modern physics in the 17th century

When multiplying/dividing you round your results to

least sig figs

When adding/subtracting you round your results to

least common digit

How do you convert mass into weight?

Multiply the mass by the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 on Earth)

What is static equilibrium?

a motionless state in which there is no net force or net torque acting

What is dynamic equilibrium?

a closed system where the reactions occur at exactly the same rate in each direction

What is equilibrium?

a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

What is volume?

The amount of space an object takes up

What is Fg?

force of gravity

What is f?

friction

What is Fn?

normal/natural force

What is Ft?

tension force

where does weight pull

straight down towards the center of the earth

what is weights symbol

fg

how do you draw friction on a free body diagram

always parallel to surface

friction

resistive force caused by two material rubbing against each other

symbol for normal force

fn

how do you draw normal force on a free body diagram

always perpendicular to surface

normal force

a support force/ results when a surface is compressed/

prefix for the units of metric system

k, h, da, BASE UNIT, d, c, m

what is physics

the study of energy and matter

matter

all the stuff in the universe

user error

our fault we did something wrong

instrumental error

its not our fault

precision

exactness

symbol for applied force

fa

how do you draw tension on a free body diagram

always in the direction of the string rope

what is tension

a pulling force when a string rope is stretched

net force

the total sum of force acting on an object