Chapter 1 AP Comp and Lang

Avant Garde

Ex: a toy manufacturer encourages kids to be the first on their block to have a new toy

Bandwagon

Ex: don't miss out on what everyone is talking about

Bribery

Ex: Buy one get one free

Complimenting the Customer

Ex: You should buy it because you are worth it

Endorsement

Ex: Taylor Swift is pictured using E.L.F. so you should too

Loaded Words

Ex: Juicy, fruitful flavors making it more desirable

Magic Words

A pharmaceutical manufacturer describes a special coating that makes their pain reliever less irritating to the stomach than a competitors

Patriotism

Ex: Made in America

Plain Folks

Ex: an ordinary family sitting around the table eating a brands cereal

Snob Appeal

Ex: People dressed up formally using a coffee machine from a coffee manufacturer

Transfer

Ex: a clothing manufacturer wanting people to wear their products to stay cool during the summer pictures people wearing fashions made from their cloth at a sunny seaside setting where there is a cool breeze

Weasel Words

Ex: a dish soap leaves dishes virtually spotless

audience

the listeners, viewers, or readers of the text

concession

an acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable

connotation

meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond it's dictionary definition

context

the circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text

counterargument

an opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward

ethos

speakers appeal to this to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy

logos

speakers appeal to this to offer clear, rational ideas using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.

occasion

the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written

pathos

speakers appeal to this to emotionally motivate their audience

persona

the face or character that a speaker shows to their audience

polemic

an aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all the others

propaganda

the spread of ideas and information, usually negative use of rumors, lies, and disinformation

purpose

the goal the speaker wants to achieve

refutation

a denial of the validity of an opposing argument. in order to sound reasonable, it often follows a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable

rhetoric

the art of finding ways to persuade the audience

rhetorical appeals

used to persuade the audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling

rhetorical triangle

illustrates the interrelationships among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text

SOAPS

a mnemonic device that stands for subject, occasion, audience, purpose, and speaker

speaker

the person or group who creates a text

subject

the topic of a text

text

while this term generally means the written word in the humanities it has come to mean any cultural product that can be read