Lower leg, Knee, Patella

_ is the second largest bone in body

Tibia

Tibia is located on the

medial side

Weight bearing bone (Tibia and Fibula)

Tibia

Does the fibula bear any weight

No

Two prominent and palpable processes on proximal end

medial and lateral condyles

Superior surfaces of condyles
form articular facets (plateaus)
for articulation with the femur

Tibial plateaus

sharp projection between articular facets

intercondylar eminence

Proximal tibiofibular joint is a __ type of joint

synovial, gliding

Lateral condyle has facet on posterior surface for articulation with the ___

head of the fibula

What is located on the anterior surface of tibia, inferior to condyles

tibial tuberosity

The tibial tuberosity serves what purpose

attachment for muscle

Sharp ridge located on the anterior surface of the tibial body

anterior crest

The anterior crest is also known as the

shin

• Palpable landmark

• forms part of ankle mortise

• located at distal end

Medial malleolus

What overlays the fibula and is on the anterolateral surface

anterior tubercle

triangular depression for articulation with distal fibula

fibular notch

The Distal tibiofibular joint is

amphiarthrotic

This is located on proximal end of fibula and articulates with lateral condyle of tibia to make the proximal tibiofibular joint

Head of fibula 

Conical projection on lateral and posterior portion of head

Apex of fibula

This is located on distal end of fibula, forms part of ankle mortise, projects lower than medial malleolus

Lateral malleolus 

formed by femoral condyles and tibial plateaus

knee

The knee is a synovial, ___ type joint

modified hinge

The knee joint technical name is

femorotibial joint

• sesamoid bone

• located on anterior surface of femur

Patella

PCL stands for

posterior cruciate ligament

TCL is known as

tibial collateral ligament

The knee is stabilized and cushioned by

menisci

The menisci lies on the

tibial plateaus

The apex of the patella points toward

the knee

largest, strongest and heaviest bone in body

femur

The femur consists of 

body and two articular extremities

The body of the femur slants medially how many degrees

5-15 degrees

Distal femur is broadened with two large eminences

medial and lateral condyle

The medial epicondyle contains the

adductor tubercle

The epicondyles can be found on the __ femur

distal

The pateller surface— ____ seperation

anterior

Intercondylar fossa is a

deep depression posteriorly

Proximal tibiofibular is what type of joint

gliding

Patellofemoral is what type of joint

gliding

Femorotibial is what type of joint

modified hinge

caused by irritation of the bone growth plate, causing swelling at tibial tuberosity

Osgood- Schlatters disease

Dressing instructions for lower leg projections

remove everything from waist down

Lower leg projections SID is

44 inches

What projection is this 

AP Projection leg

What projection of the leg is this

lateral leg projection

Patient position for lower leg AP projection is

supine

For an AP projection of the leg, femoral condyles are ____ to IR

parallel

CR enters the ____ for an AP leg projection

center of leg

Proximal and distal articulations of tibia and fibula moderately overlapped are seen in a 

AP leg projection

What type of lateral is a lateral leg projection

mediolateral

Patient position for a lateral (mediolateral) leg projection is

supine, rotated towards affected side

In a lateral leg projection, femoral condyles are ____ and ___ to IR

superimposed, perpendicular 

For a lateral leg projection, the CR enters at

midpoint of leg

• Distal fibula superimposed by posterior half of
  the tibia
  • Slight overlap between tibia and fibular head
  • Separation of the tibial and fibular bodies (not at
  ends)

seen on a 

Lateral leg projection 

SID needed for Knee projections

40 inches

Knee projections are done on the

table bucky

Knee 3V routine

AP, Lateral, additional view

Knee 2V routine

AP and Lateral

Knee Routine 4V

AP, Lateral, AP Oblique, 1 additional view

What Knee projections is this

AP Knee

Patient position for AP Knee

supine, no pelvic rotation

In AP Knee, the femoral epicondyles are what to the IR

parallel

The CR in Knee projections are variable depending on the what

ASIS

If Patient’s ASIS is less than 19cm from the table, then the CR angling would be 

3 to 5 degrees caudal

If Patient’s ASIS is more than 24cm from the table, then the CR angling would be 

3 to 5 degrees cephalic

If Patient’s ASIS measures 19 to 24cm from the table, then the CR angling would be 

0 degrees

The CR in an AP knee enters

½ inch below pateller apex

Radiation field for AP Knee is

10 × 12 inch LW

The Patella superimposed on the femur (will
lie slightly to the medial side) is seen on

AP knee

Which knee projection is this 

Lateral knee

Patient position for lateral knee is 

turned toward affected side, flexed, brought forward

Femoral epicondyles and patella are what to the IR

perpendicular 

CR in lateral knee is

5 to 7 degrees cephalic

CR enters where for a lateral knee

knee joint 1 inch distal to medial femoral epicondyle

Open patellofemoral joint space seen in

lateral knee

For lateral knee, over rotation results in

less superimposition

For lateral knee, under rotation results in

more superimposition 

Projection?

AP Medial Oblique knee

Limb is medially rotated how many degrees for an ap oblique medial rotation

45 degrees

Margin of patella projecting slightly
beyond medial side of the femoral condyle

AP Oblique Knee Medial Rotation

Projection?

AP Lateral Oblique Knee

Patella projected slightly beyond the edge of
the lateral condyle seen on a 

AP Oblique Knee
Lateral Rotation

• Arthritic knees

• Narrowing joint spaces

• Varus and Valgus deformities

are seen on a what type of projection

AP Bilateral Weight Bearing

ROSENBURG METHOD is done 

PA with knees flexed 45 degrees

CR angled in a Rosenburg method how many degrees

10 degrees caudal