OCR A-Level History - Early Tudors + Mid Tudor Crisis

Who was Henry VII's mother?

Margaret Beaufort

When was Henry VII born?

1457

Where did Henry VII spend his exile?

Brittany

When was the Battle of Bosworth?

August 1485

Who also had a claim to the throne when Henry VII became King?

Earl of Lincoln and Earl of Suffolk

Why did Henry VII backdate his reign?

So he could punish those who had fought against him with treason

To When did Henry VII date his reign?

21st August 1485

Why was Henry VII's coronation fast?

Had to assert himself as a legitimate heir

In what order did Henry VII hold the coronation, meet with parliament and marry?

Coronation, Parliament, Marriage

Who did Henry VII marry?

Elizabeth of York

When did Henry VII embark on his Royal Progress?

April 1486

What title was Sir William Stanley rewarded with for the Battle of Bosworth?

Lord Chamberlain

Who had authority in Wales under Henry VII?

Jasper Tudor

What were attainders?

Used to seizes titles and possessions of nobles he suspected

How many attainders were passed during Henry VII's reign?

138 (46 reversed)

What was Patronage?

Rewarding nobles with land

How was the number of nobles during Henry VII's reign affected?

Decreased by one-quarter

What was retaining?

Noblemen keeping a large number of men as personal staff

What honoury title could be rewarded to nobles?

Order of the Garter

When were laws passed against illegal retaining?

1485 and 1504

What did Henry VII use to control nobles?

Financial Bonds

How much was Lord Burgavenny fined for illegal retaining?

£70, 000

What did Henry VII establish as the royal debt collector?

The Council Learned in Law

How did Henry VII use parliament?

Sparingly

How many men did Henry VII's Royal Court officially include?

227

What was the Court of Audit used for?

Monitoring government spending

When was the star Chamber Act?

1487

What was the Court of Star Chamber?

Prosecuted anyone who behaved in a rebellious manner. Came to be used as a Court of appeal.

When did Henry VII use the Act of Resumption to reclaim all Crown Lands?

1486

What was relief?

Paid by an heir when he received inheritance

What was Livery?

Payment made by a ward upon reaching adulthood

What were customs duties?

Paid on goods entering or leaving the country.

What were legal dues?

Money from fines made by people appearing at court

What were loans and benevolences?

The Kings right to ask for financial help in emergencies

How did Henry VII exploit feudal dues?

1504, £30,000 from Parliament for knighthood of late Prince Arthur

What were clerical taxes?

Taxes levied from the Church as 'gifts'

Who were the pretenders that rebelled against Henry VII?

Simnel and Warbeck

When was the Simnel rebellion?

1487

What brought the Simnel rebellion status?

Lord Lovell and the Earl of lincoln

What foreign support did the Simnel rebellion have?

2000 German mercenaries from Margaret of Burgundy and men from Earl of Kildare

Was the Simnel rebellion widely supported in England?

No

When was Perkin Warbecks rebellion?

1490-1499

What foreign support did Warbecks' rebellion have?

Margaret of Burgundy and Charles VII

Who was Simnel mentored by?

Richard Symonds

Who was Simnel passed off as?

The Earl of Warwick

In what battle was simnel defeated?

Battle of Stoke

Who was Warbeck passed of as?

Richard of York

When was the Lovell rebellion?

1486

Who led the Lovell Rebellion?

Francis Lovell and Humphrey Stafford

When was the Yorkshire Rebellion?

1489

What was the cause of the Yorkshire rebellion?

Taxes to fund forces in Brittany

Who was murdered in the Yorkshire rebellion?

Earl of Northumberland

When was the Cornish Rebellion?

1497

What was the Cornish Rebellion triggered by?

Taxes to fund campaign in scotland

When was the Breton Crisis?

1487-1492

When was the Treaty of Redon?

1489

When was the Treaty of Medina Del Campo?

March 1489

When was the Treaty of Etaples?

1492

What was paid to England in the Treaty of Etaples?

745,000 crowns

When was the Truce of Ayton?

1497

What was agreed in the Truce of Ayton?

Margaret would marry James

When was the Treaty of Windsor?

1506

What did the Treaty of Windsor promise?

Return of Edmund de la Pole

When did Henry VIII become king?

1509

Who did Henry VIII arrest within days of becoming King?

Empson and Dudley (of the Council learned in law)

What did Henry VIII initially do to show that he had a different attitude towards nobles?

Disbanded the Council Learned in Law and cancelled 175 bonds

What did Henry VIII continue to use to maintain peace?

JPs

Who was Lord Chancellor at the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign?

Sir Thomas More

What were Henry VIIIs aims in foreign policy at the beginning of his reign?

To establish his presence and demonstrate strength

When did Henry VIII first lead an army to France?

1512

When did Wolsey lead a second expedition to France?

1513

What were the results of the 1513 expedition to France?

Battle of Spurs victory and gain of Therouanne and Tournai

What Treaty with France was made in 1514?

Treaty of Saint Germaine-en-Laye

In 1512, what country invaded England?

Scotland

In what battle were the Scots defeated in 1513?

Battle of Flodden

When was Wolsey made Cardinal by Pope Leo X and Lord Chancellor?

1515

When was Wolsey appointed Papal Legate?

1518

What was Wolsey most interested in reforming in the Church?

Education (closed down some monasteries to pay for this)

At the time of Wolsey, who began to publish parts of the bible in English?

William Tyndale

What was Wolsey accused of in regard to the Church?

Twin vices of absenteeism and plurality

What did Wolsey publicly burn?

Lutheran texts

In 1526, what did Wolsey use to reduce the influence of others at court?

Eltham Ordinances

What was Wolsey's main concern in legal issues?

to tackle slow and unfair delivery of justice 9and to promote civil law)

How did Wolsey use the Star Chamber?

to attack nobles and local officials

By how much did Wolsey increase the number of cases heard every year?

120

What did Wolsey use to hear cases from poor people?

Court of Requests

When did Wolsey conduct a financial survey to assess who could pay tax?

1522, gained £200000 in forced loans

What flexible tax did Wolsey introduce?

Subsidy

Amicable Grant

1525

When did Wolsey conduct a national enquiry on enclosure?

1517

How many Parliaments were called under Wolsey?

2

What forced Wolsey to fall back on the issue of enclosure?

Opposition from landowners in 1523

Why was there a personal threat to Henry VIII in regard to foreign policy?

All major powers were now ruled by young monarchs such as himself

When was the Treaty of London?

October 1518

What the Treaty of London call for

Universal peace (over two dozen countries signed)

How did Wolsey have every country sign the Treaty of London?

Seperately

When was the Field of the Cloth of Gold?

June 1520

What was the Field of the Cloth of Gold?

A meeting with Francis

In 1522, England declared war on what country?

France (there was a better alliance with Spain due to Catherine of Aragon)

When was the League of Cognac created?

1526