Biology: Digestion

What is physical Digestion

What is physical Digestion

Physical digestion is the process of chewing food and breaking it up into smaller pieces so that it is easier to process in the body.

What is peristalsis

Wave like muscle contractions to bring the food down through the digestive tract or esophagus.

What is mastication

Mastication is the act of chewing

What are milk teeth

Milk teeth or deciduous teeth are the first set of teeth to erupt. Children tend to have up to 20 teeth.

What are adult teeth

Adult or permanent teeth. By the age of 21 the average adult should have 32 teeth.

What are the 4 types of teeth

Canines, Incisors, Molars and Premolars.

What is chemical Digestion

Chemical Digestion is the process of breaking down complex molecules such as fats, carbohydrates and proteins into simpler substances so that the body can use.

What does chemical Digestion require?

Enzymes

What are enzymes?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions. They are proteins that are produced from amino acids.

What are the functions of enzymes in our body?

They help facilitate biochemical reactions in the body without themselves being used up in the process.

What is the role of catalase in the body

Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide in aerobic organisms. Reason being hydrogen peroxide in large quantities so it protects the cells from toxicity.

What does catalase break down?

Catalase catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

What is amylase

Amylase is referred to as the catalyze that speed up the hydrolysis of the breakdown of starches.

What does amylase break down?

Amylase breaks down starches into sugars mostly maltose.

Where is amylase found?

In saliva, pancreatic juices, and germinating juices.

What is Ingestion?

the act of taking food into the mouth.

What is absorption

Absorption is the process of diffusion of soluble food molecules into the bloodstream.

What is assimilation?

Assimilation happens when the food molecules is taken away from the blood stream and used by the cells .

What is egestion

When all the undigested food is removed from the body by deification.

What is the external structure of the teeth?

There is the crown, root and neck.

The internal structure of the tooth ?

The dentin and pulp

What is the alimentary Canal

A long muscular and continuous tube that is responsible for the digestion and absorption of food.

What parts of the body is involved in the Alimentary Canal?

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, and rectum.

What muscles keeps food in the alimentary canal momentarily?

The sphincter muscles.

What is used to lubricate the alimentary canal and where is it made?

Mucus is used as a lubricant. Mucus is made in the goblet cells which are located along the alimentary canal.

Where is salivary amylase found and what does it break down?

Salivary amylase is found in the saliva. It breaks down starch into maltose.

What does the stomach do?

The stomach stores food and digest proteins

The muscles contract and relax to churn food. The food will mix with mucus and enzymes to make chyme.

What are the two enzymes found in the stomach

Pepsin and Rennin

What does Pepsin do?

Pepsin is a protease. It begins to break down protein by breaking down proteins into polypeptides.

What does Rennin do?

Rennin clots the milk that young mammals get. Then pepsin breaks down the milk proteins into polypeptides.

What is the first, middle and last part of the small intestine called?

1. Duodenum

2. jejunum

3. Ileum

What happens in the Duodenum?

The duodenum has several enzymes secreted into it that are made from the pancreas.

what are the juices in the Duodenum?

Bile and Pancreatic Juice.

How does Pancreatic juice get into the duodenum?

The pancreatic duct.

What are the enzymes found in Pancreatic juice

Trypsin, Lipase, Pancreatic Amylase

What does the enzyme trypsin break down?

Trypsin is a protease It breaks down proteins into polypeptides

What does the enzyme Lipase break down?

Lipase breaks down emulsified fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

What does pancreatic amylase enzyme break down?

It continues the breakdown of starch into maltose.

What are the two main purposes of the small intestine?

This is where food complete digestion and where it gets absorbed.

What are the enzymes found in the ileum?

The ileum contains: Lipase, Peptidase, Lactase, Maltase, and Sucrase.

What do the enzymes found in the ileum break down?

Lipase- Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Peptidase- breaks down polypeptides into amino acids. Maltase- Breaks down maltose into glucose Sucrase- Breaks down sucrose- glucose and fructose. Lactase- Breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

What are the villi?

Villi are small projection in the small intestines used for absorbing nutrients.

Where are the villi found?

In the ileum in the small intestine.