1st Semester Final Exam Vocabulary

Glucose/sugar

A sugar that is an important source of energy.

Enzyme

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

Reactants for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight

Reactants for cellular respiration

The products for photosynthesis; glucose and oxygen

products for photosynthesis

the reactants for cellular respiration; glucose and oxygen

Products for cellular respiration

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Photosythesis

the process by which a plant cell captures in sunlight and uses it to make food

Cellular Respiration

the process by which plant and animal cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

ATP

main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production in plants and animals

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis in plants

Chlorophyll

Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

aerobic respiration

Respiration that requires oxygen and produces 36 ATP for every one molecule of glucose

anaerobic respiration

Respiration that does not require oxygen and produces 2 ATP for every one molecule of glucose

lactic acid fermentation

type of anaerobic respiration that happens during heavy exercise

alcoholic fermentation

type of anaerobic respiration that yeast does

Predator

An animal that hunts other animals for food

Prey

An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism

Food Web

A community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

Food Chain

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Limiting factor

biotic or abiotic factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease or stop growing

sustainability

The use of Earth's resources in ways that do not harm the resources use in the future.

Invasive species

species that enter new ecosystems and multiply, harming native species and their habitats

Ecological footprint

A measure of how much an individual consumes and waste they produce

Greenhouse gases

Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat near the surface

Drought

a long period without rain

Coral Bleaching

Occurs when a coral becomes stressed from changes in temperature and pH which can kill the coral

Deforestation

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.

Pollution

Release of harmful materials into the environment

Habitat

Place where an organism lives

Biodiversity

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Human impact

The effect of humans on an ecosystem

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

Lipids/Fats

substance used for cellular respiration when there is no supply of glucose left

Biotic

living things

Abiotic

Non-living things

Ecosytem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Popluation

group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

Logisitic growth

Growth of a population which may be rapid at first, but then levels off at carrying capacity due to limited resources (S-curve)

exponential growth

Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate (J-curve)

Energy Pyramid

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

Non-renewable resources

resources that cannot be replaced once used

renewable resource

A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed

Extinction

a species that no longer has any known living individuals.

habitat destruction

The loss of a natural habitat

endangered

A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction

Sea level rise

one result of global climate change, due to melting glaciers and ice caps

Energy

cannot be recycled in an ecosystem

Matter

can be recycled in an ecosystem

Birth rate

the number of births in a population in a certain amount of time

death rate

The number of deaths in a population in a certain amount of time

Herbivore

A consumer that eats only plants.

Carnivore

A consumer that eats only animals.

Fossil Fuels

Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals.