American Civilization to 1865 with Dr. Bartley: Review

Q1 (1-28) E1 (29-83) Q2 (84-110) E2 (111-151) Q3 (152-179) E3 (180-241) Q4 (242-261) E4 (262-323)

The brutal and exploitative systems that the Spanish implemented in the New World were largely the work of Bartolome de Las Casas.

(False)

The introduction of Native American foods, such as corn and potatoes, to Europe spurred a dramatic increase in Europe's population.

True

The Iroquois League played the French and English powers against one another during the first half of the 18th century while creating a successful fur trade.

True

Because of its harsh winters, Colonial New England was generally the least healthy place to live in the Americas.

(False)

By the mid-1670s, even Virginia's poorest free White adult males owned land, so squatting was rare.

False

British investors seeking to make profit from the establishment of an American colony established joint-stock companies.

True

Columbus succeeded in finding an all-water route to Asia.

False

A central element of John Calvin's theology was his belief in predestination.

(True)

Congregational churches in Colonial New England were tolerant of other religions.

(False)

The New World was named for the Portuguese-sponsored explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

True

The presence of horses transformed the ecology of the Great Plains through factors such as the evolution of some Native American groups into nomadic buffalo hunters.

True

Cortes enlisted the aid of surrounding populations to help overthrow the Aztecs.

False

The Peublo cultures were located primarily in what is today the American Southwest.

True

Cahokians were known for constructing stone dwellings in cliff sides.

False

On his first voyage, Columbus:

explored a number of Caribbean islands

Elaborate earthen burial mounds, sometimes topped with thatch-roofed temples, were a distinctive characteristic of early cultures in this region of the Americas:

the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys

How did the Jamestown colony finally attain a measure of prosperity?

tobacco production

Which of the following is TRUE of the colony of Pennslyvania?

The colony was open to all religious believers

Anne Hutchinson was kicked out of Colonial Massachusetts for:

challenging the authority of male ministers

Maryland was established in 1634 as a refuge for:

English Catholics

Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of the Pequot Indians following the 1636-1637 war with New England?

(The Pequots suffered huge losses in the war)

What Native American figure taught the Plymouth colonists how to grow food and helped them negotiate with the Wampanoags?

Squanto

Which of the following reasons explains why most African American slaves experienced an early death in the Western hemisphere?

difficult working conditions

Which of the following is characteristic of the Mississippian Indian culture?

(elaborate burial mounds and towns built around plazas and temples)

Bartolome de Las Casas spoke out against the:

system of enforced native labor adopted by Spain

The introduction of horses to Plains tribes:

(replaced dogs as beasts of burden)

The English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island resulted in:

the disappearance of the colonists

Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the new world?

(wheat)

The introduction of Native American foods, such as corn and potatoes, to Europe spurred a dramatic increase in Europe’s population.

True

The Iroquois League played the French and English powers against one another during the first half of the 18th century while creating a successful fur trade.

True

Because of its harsh winters, Colonial New England was generally the least healthy place to live in the Americas.

False

Columbus succeeded in finding an all-water route to Asia.

False

Congregational churches in Colonial New England were tolerant of other religions.

False

English settlements were numerous and thriving at the time of Queen Elizabeth’s death in 1603.

False

British investors seeking to profit from the establishment of American colonies formed joint-stock companies.

True

By 1700, tobacco, rice, & indigo were the most important export crops of Maryland, Virginia, & the Carolinas.

True

Jonathan Edwards saw emotionalism as a weakness among Christians.

False

As discovered with Workshop One, historians who study “Native Indiana” (prehistoric) rely upon, among other things, the study of Native American belief systems.

True

As confirmed by Workshop One, the “Great Mound” located within Mounds State Park (Anderson, IN) was built about the time of the fourth voyage of Columbus to the New World.

False

The Workshop Two exercise reviewed, in part, the efforts of the Miami Nation to recover tribal recognition from the U.S. government.

True

Cahokia was a large, advanced regional center for the Mississippian culture.

False

The presence of horses transformed the ecology of the Great Plains through factors such as the evolution of some Native American groups into nomadic buffalo hunters.

True

Which statement best explains the role of conquistadors in creating the Spanish Empire in the Americas?

mostly single, unskilled Spanish men who, as soldiers, conquered and then settled and ruled the lands of Spanish America

Anne Hutchinson was kicked out of Massachusetts for:

challenging the authority of male ministers

Columbus succeeded in:

inspiring later European explorations

Which statement below best explains the impact of horses on the native cultures of the Great Plains?

Great Plains Indians combined horses with their knowledge of irrigation to dramatically improve their farming techniques

Which of the following defined the headright system?

Gave fifty acres of land to anyone who would transport himself to the colony

How did the Jamestown colony survive?

John Smith imposted strict military discipline and forced everyone to work

Which of the following statements accurately describes the historical figure Metacomet?

Known to the British colonists as King Philip and as the Wampanoag chief during King Philip’s War

What did the Pilgrims accomplish during their early years in British America?

Established the Plymouth colony despite a prolonged “starving time”

Georgia served as a military buffer against the Spanish in Florida. What was another reason why the British settled this colony?

served as a social experiment congregating settlers from different countries and religions

How did the Puritans deal with Native Americans?

They moved Native Americans to “praying towns”

Although diseases were widespread in North America, the colonists were less susceptible than people in Europe because of the following reason?

The American population was younger and more dispersed

What quality made the Iroquois League unique?

It consisted of clans led by women and guided by a constitution

The British colony of Maryland was established in 1634 as a refuge for:

English Catholics

What was the key feature of the Quaker belief system?

The Quakers sat together quietly waiting for the “Inner Light” of the Holy Spirit to move them to speak

Roger Williams believed in which of the following ideas?

It was wrong to mistreat Native American people

Which of the following best describes the triangular trade?

An international trade system that relied on the transportation of enslaved Africans, manufactured goods from Europe, and agricultural commodities from the Americas

Which of the following is True regarding American cities at the end of the colonial period?

Held no more than 10% of the total British American population

Which of the following statements best describes the intersection of women and religion in the British American colonies?

Women were more likely to be churchgoers than men

What purpose did the Slave Codes serve?

Formalized the institution of race-based slavery by outlining the local laws that governed slave life

How did the lives of enslaved African Americans change after the Stono Rebellion of 1739?

New laws forbade African slaves to congregate in groups

As seen in Workshop One, “Native Indiana” was characteristic of:

Adena-Hopewell Native American culture

As seen in Workshop Two, the French impacted the Great Lakes region (including what is now Indiana) during the 17th century, as evidenced by:

its present-day Catholic population and several placenames

Which of the following is characteristic of the Mississippian Indian culture?

Elaborate burial mounds and towns built around plazas and temples

What is the significance of Sante Fe in New Mexico?

First center of Spanish government in the present-day U.S.

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the Mexica Empire in the Americas?

An elaborate society with hierarchical social structure, sophisticated irrigation engineering, and magnificent art and architecture

The Columbian Exchange refers to the:

global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases, as a result of Europeans landing in the Americas

What is the significance of St. Augustine in Florida?

First permanent European settlement in the present-day U.S.

Named for the salt deposits found in Southern Indiana; also related to migration patterns of bison

French Lick

An Italian commander, hired by the English to explore North America

John Cabot

Led the first French effort to colonize the New World

Jacques Cartier

Defeated the Spanish Armada - 1588, and later sponsored an English colony in America

Elizabeth I

Patron of the colonization effort in Maryland, intended as a settlement for those of all religious faiths

Cecilius Calvert

Among the early “Separatist” Pilgrims to colonize the Plymouth colony in New England

William Bradford

Gave the sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Jonathan Edwards

Former slave who became a major Virginia landowner

Anthony Johnson

Author of the Pennslyvania Gazette and Poor Richard’s Almanack

Benjamin Franklin

After this Massachusetts Puritan was banished, he helped establish the Rhode Island colony

Roger Williams

Spanish priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of Native Americans

(Bartolome de Las Casas)

Organizer of the British colonization effort in Georgia as a debtors and prisoners settlement

(James Oglethorpe)

Associated with the colonization effort in New Netherland (present-day New York)

(Peter Stuyvesant)

The leader of Early Jamestown who compelled the “gentlemen” to join the laborers

(John Smith)

By the end of the 18th century, France and Great Britain were in decline, with Spain and the Netherlands fighting over which would come out ahead.

(False)

John Locke’s writings offered a powerful justification for revolution in extreme circumstances.

True

Britain’s adoption of mercantilist policies set it apart from other European powers of the 17th century.

(False)

Some colonies believed that British troops were in the colonies mainly to make them more dependent on Britain, rather than to protect them.

True

George Grenville continued the policy of “salutary neglect”

(False)

During the events of Lexington and Concord, both sides were correct in assuming that the other would back down, as no shots were actually fired.

False

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson criticized King George III for perpetuating the African slave trade, but southern representatives insisted on removing this criticism.

(True)

The Articles of Confederation left many powers to the states.

True

At the time when Thomas Paine’s pamphlet the American Crisis was published, the Continental army still had a great degree of supplies and morale.

False

The timely arrival of the French navy off the coast of Yorktown gave General Washington’s forces the reinforcement needed to defeat Cornwallis’s British army.

True

During the American Revolution, few Loyalists were found in New York City.

False

Eager to strike a blow against the French, Spain agreed to an alliance with Britain, which later helped the British gain control of Pensacola in the province of West Florida.

False

Though rare, there were examples of women participating in the American Revolution as ordinary soldiers in the Continental Army.

True

Thomas Jefferson was the most notable Virginian to free his slaves during the Revolution.

False

Which of the following statements about the 1765 Stamp Act is accurate?

It required revenue stamps on legal documents

One of the chief policy objectives under George Grenville was to:

reduce Britain’s enormous debt after the French and Indian War

In April 1775, the British marched to Concord, Massachusetts, to:

(seize the opposition’s gunpowder)