Biology Chapter 22 and 23 Questions McGrawhill

Selective breeding is also called artificial selection. True or False?

True

Environmental factors are important in selective breeding. True or False?

False

Selective breeding will always result in organisms that are well-adapted to their environment. True or False?

False

Selective breeding causes mutations in a population. True or False?

False

Selective breeding can only act on genetic variation that is already present in a population. True or False?

True

Inland species are more likely to be preserved than marine species. True or False?

False

Organisms with hard body parts are more likely to be preserved than are those composed soft tissues. True or False?

True

Species that existed over a larger area are more likely to be preserved than species existing over a smaller area. True or False?

True

Organisms that lived very long ago are more likely to be found as fossils than organisms that lived relatively recently. True or False?

False

The fossils of larger organisms are more likely to be found than the fossils of smaller organisms. True or False?

True

Fossils are primarily found in sedimentary rocks. True or False?

True

Fossils are more likely to be found if the animal lived in a dry climate. True or False?

False

Only hard parts of organisms are preserved in fossils. True or False?

False

Fossils found in lower rock layers are younger than those found in upper layers. True or False?

False

What are for steps of chemical selection?

Step 1. RNA, A protobiont with no enzymatic functions, Mutant RNA with enyzmatic ability to self-replicate RNA.

Step 2. A protobiont with 1 enzymatic function.

Step 3. Mutant RNA with the ability to synthesize ribonucleotides.

Step 4. A protobiont with 2 enzymatic functions.

Homologous genes are best described as genes that.

have a common ancestral gene.

Homologous genes within a single species are said to be

paralogs.

A misaligned cross over between two homologous chromosomes usually results in

a deletion in one chromosome and a duplication in the other.

Evaluate the following examples and determine which is most likely a result of a gene duplication.

MyoD is a protein involved in muscle cell differentiation. Other proteins involved in the same process and possessing similar amino acid sequence are myogenin, Myf5, and MRF4.

A researcher is conducting a phylogenetic study of organisms using GeneA. In several of the species she is examining, she retrieves three different but similar gene sequences using the same primers. What should she conclude from her results?

GeneA has undergone a gene duplication in several species.

Which of the following statements best describes the evolutionary outcome of a gene duplication event?

Gene duplication allows for higher complexity in organisms, as genes can take on more specialized functions.

Extinct/living members of the horse family

Fossil record

Gill ridges in human and fish embryos

Homology

Camera eye of squids and humans

Convergent evolution

Kale, broccoli, and cabbage

Selective breeding

Darwin's finches

Biogeography

Endemic island species

Biogeography

Mouthparts of different insects

Homology

Different types of cattle

Selective breeding

Wings of butterflies and birds

Convergent evolution

Place the formation of the continents in the proper geologic sequence

Cenozoic: Modern day earth.

Mesozoic: Has Laurasia and Gondwana

Paleozoic: Pangaea

Proterozoic: Rodinia

According to Darwin, existing life forms resulted from the modification of pre-existing life forms through the interaction of two factors. What are those two interacting factors?

variation of traits and natural selection.

Scientists agree that mitochondria were acquired through endosymbiosis before chloroplasts, as shown in the figure above. How do they know this?

Because all eukaryotes have mitochondria, but only plants and some algae have chloroplasts.

Based on the reducing atmosphere hypothesis, what is a likely reason that the abiotic creation of life does not seem to occur naturally on Earth today?

The current oxidizing atmosphere is not as conducive to the synthesis of organic molecules as a reducing or neutral atmosphere.

What is needed for natural selection to occur? Select all that apply.

checked: Variation of traits.

unchecked: Several interbreeding populations.

checked: Differential reproduction.

unchecked: Some form of predation or disease.

checked: Traits that can be passed from parent to offspring.

All living individuals evolve during their lifetime. True or False?

False

Place the terms within the proper stage of the origin of life.

Stage 1 - Nucleotide and amino acids were produced
Box: Prebiotic soup
Box: Deep-sea vent hypothesis
Box: Reducing atmosphere hypothesis

Stage 2 - Nucleotides and amino acids became polymerized
Box: Protein formation
Box: RNA formation

Stage 3 - Polymers became enclosed in membranes
Box: Protobionts

Stage 4 - Membrane bound polymers acquired cellular properties
Box: RNA world