HIS 007 Key Terms (SAS 5 to 8)

Circulo Hispano-Filipino

A social group in Madrid composed of progressive Spaniards and Filipinos.

(This term describes an organization Rizal joined.)

Freemasonry/Freemasons

A secret society known for its criticism of established authorities, which

Rizal joined. (This term describes the organization Rizal affiliated with for strategic reasons.)

Licentiate in Medicine

A medical degree Rizal obtained in Madrid, though with some incomplete

formalities. (This term refers to Rizal's academic achievement.)

Lodge Solidaridad

A specific Freemason lodge Rizal joined later in his time in Madrid. (This term

refers to a specific branch of the Freemasons.

Medical Studies

Rizal's primary academic pursuit while in Madrid, leading to his medical degree. (This

the term describes Rizal's main area of study.)

Pastimes

(referring to not gambling, drinking, etc.): Activities done in one's free time. (This term

refers to behaviors Rizal avoided to focus on his goals.)

Pen name/Pseudonym (Rizal on the Spanish steamer)

A fictitious name used for anonymity while

traveling. (This term describes the disguised identity Rizal used.)

Propaganda Movement

A group advocating for reform in the Philippines, which Rizal would later

contribute to. (This term refers to the movement Rizal would eventually join.)

Secretariat (referring to Freemasonry)

The organizational structure of the Freemasons. (This term

describes the internal system of the Freemasons.)

Spanish Steamer

The mode of transportation Rizal used to travel to Spain. (This term describes the

ship Rizal took.)

Ophthalmology

A branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.

Sojourned:

Stayed temporarily in a place.

Anthropologist

A scientist who studies human societies, cultures, and their development.

Ethnology

A branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different

peoples and the relationships between them.

Threadbare

(Of clothing) worn out and thin because of age or overuse.

Assassination (referring to potential outcome of duel):

The killing of a person in a planned or

secret attack. (This term describes a possible consequence of the challenged duel.)

Cortes (Spanish parliament)

tThe national legislature of Spain that the Propagandists sought

representation for Filipinos in. (This term describes a political institution.)

Duel

A formal arranged combat between two people with deadly weapons to settle a dispute. (This

term refers to the traditional method of conflict resolution challenged by Rizal.)

Exile

A person forced to live outside their country. (This term describes the situation of some

Propagandists living in Europe.)

Filipinization

The process of replacing Spanish people in positions of power with Filipinos. (This

term describes a specific reform goal of the Propagandists.)

La Solidaridad.

A newspaper published by the Propaganda Movement to advocate for reform. (This

term describes a key publication of the movement.)

National identity

A sense of belonging to a particular nation. (This term describes a concept the

Propagandists aimed to cultivate.)

Nelly Boustead

A woman who was the object of Rizal and Luna's romantic attention. (This term

refers to the woman who caused a temporary strain between Rizal and Luna.)

Propaganda Movement.

A group of Filipinos living in Europe who advocated for reform in the

Philippines during the late 19th century. (This term refers to the historical movement Rizal was a

part of.)

Propagandists

Members of the Propaganda Movement who advocated for reform in the

Philippines. (This term refers to the individuals involved in the movement.)

Retraction (referring to Retana)

A statement that takes back a previous claim, which Retana did

to resolve the conflict with Rizal. (This term describes Retana's action to apologize for the false

accusation.)

Rizalistas (supporters of Rizal):

The faction within the Propaganda Movement that supported

Rizal's

Ilustrado

A member of the educated Filipino class during the Spanish colonial period who pushed for

reforms through writing and peaceful advocacy.

La Solidaridad

A reformist newspaper published in Spain by Filipino expatriates that voiced the goals

and demands of the Propaganda Movement.

Reform

A peaceful change or improvement in laws, systems, or practices—especially to correct

injustices or inequality.

Nationalism

A strong sense of pride and loyalty to one’s country or people, often leading to a desire

for independence or self-rule.

Friar

A member of a religious order (like the Dominicans or Franciscans) who held power in the

Philippines during Spanish rule and often controlled land, schools, and churches.

jose rizal

Wrote Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to expose colonial abuses.

Advocated for civic rights and education.

marcelo h. del pilar

Editor of La Solidaridad. Criticized friar abuses through satirical writings

like Dasalan at Tocsohan.

graciano lopez jaena

Founded La Solidaridad. Known for powerful speeches and essays like

Fray Botod (a satire on corrupt friars).

mariano ponce

Managed correspondence and propaganda logistics. Wrote about

Filipino history and nationalism.

antonio luna

Contributed scientific and political essays to La Solidaridad. Later

became a general in the Philippine Revolution.