human phys 14.1

pulmonary circulation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

systemic circulation

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

arteries carry blood away from heart, branch to form arterioles, capillaries form, blood enters venules, veins carry blood back to heart

both circuits, blood is carried :

arteries

carry blood away from the heart

arterioles

smallest arteries

capillaries

Smallest blood vessels

venules

smallest veins

blood becomes oxygenated and drops carbon as body inhales o2 and exhales co2

in pulmonary capillaries

blood becomes deoxygenated and picks up co2

in systemic capillaries

parallel flow

Blood and water flow in the same direction at the gill lamellae, maintaining the concentration gradient for oxygen to diffuse into the blood only up to the point where its concentration in the blood and water is equal

allows each organ to receive own supply of oxygenated blood, flow to different organs for regulation

purpose of parallel blood flow

located in thoracic cavity, lies to left

heart

pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

protects heart, consists of parietal and visceral layers

pericardium

Epicardium

outermost layer of the heart

Endocardium

Inner layer of the heart

parietal anchors heart in place and attaches to nearby structures, visceral adheres to surface of heart

parietal vs visceral (epicardium) layers

4 total, 2 atria and 2 ventricles

chambers of heart

right is pump for pulmonary circulation, left is pump for systemic circulation

right vs left side of heart

thin walls, deliver blood under less pressure into ventricles, small workload

atria and wall thickness, workload

thicker walls, pump blood out of heart under higher pressure and greater distances, larger workload

ventricles and wall thickness

superior vena cava

receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart

inferior vena cava

carries blood from lower regions of the body to right atrium

superior brings blood from parts above heart, inferior is parts below heart

superior vs inferior vena cava

pulmonary trunk

carries blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries

pulmonary arteries

carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

pulmonary veins

carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

right atrium receives deoxygenated blood through superior and inferior, delivers it to pulmonary trunk in right ventricle, arteries carry to lungs

blood actiivty in the right side

blood becomes oxygenated, drops CO2, carried into left atrium

what happens in he lungs

blood enters left atrium via pulmonary veins, passes through ventricle into aorta

blood activity in the left side

left ventricle is thicker than right

left vs right ventricle in wall thickness

atrioventricular valves

Valves located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side of the heart, prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.

semilunar valves

pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta

right AV, pulmonary semilunar valve

right side and heart valves

left AV, aortic semilunar valve

left side and heart valves

ensure one way flood of blood

function of heart valves

fibrous skeleton, prevent valves from stretching

what else do valves have

coronary arteries

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

coronary veins

Blood vessels that transport deoxygenated blood from the heart toward the right atrium.

coronary sinus

enlarged vessel on the posterior aspect of the heart that empties blood into the right atrium

arteries deliver blood to heart wall, veins drain blood from heart wall

coronary arteries vs veins