Motor Development

What are the 4 developmental domains?

What are the 4 developmental domains?

sensory, cognitive, motor, communication

what major 3 factors influence milestone acquisition?

environment, predisposition, and musculoskeletal

average age where the milestone of sitting without support is reached

about 6 months

average age where the milestone of standing with assistance is reached

about 8 months

average age where the milestone of hands and knees crawling is reached

about 9 months

average age where the milestone of walking with assistance is reached

about 10 months

average age where the milestone of standing alone is reached

11-12 months

average age where the milestone of walking alone is reached

13 months

time from the 1st day of the last period until birth

gestational age

time developing in utero and after birth, often used in the ICU

post-menstrual age

typical age measurement where 0 is the day of birth

chronological age

the age a child would be if they were born on time

adjusted age

how many weeks gestation is considered full term?

37-42

what is considered very preterm?

less than 32 weeks gestation

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

physiological flexion, reflexive movements

neonate

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

limited ability to self sooth, dependent for feeding, not purposeful movements

neonate

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

turns head to clear airway, increased head control, increased ability to lift head, increased ROM

first 3 months

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

brings hand to mouth, visual regard, decreased arm flexion position, involuntary release

first 3 months

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

cries to communicate needs, bonding w/ caregivers

first 3 months

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

rolling, good head control, supported then independent sitting, traction w/ pull to sit, propping on forearms, antigravity kicking

3-6 months

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

purposeful reaching, grasps toys brings hands to feet, weight bearing through hands, improved self-soothing

3-6 months

which direction of rolling develops first?

prone to supine

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

still cries but increased vocalizations, smiles, laughs

3-6 months

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

belly crawling then creeping on hands and knees, improved sitting balance sitting w/ trunk rotation

7-9 months

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

self feeding, play in sitting, improved dexterity and grasp patterns

7-9 months

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

increased sounds, responds to name, responds to “no”

7-9 months

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

pull to stand and cruising, independent standing, some children walk

10-12 months

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

improved release/in hand manipulation, uses cup, practice with spoon, begins to understand cause and effect

10-12 months

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

Vocalizations communicate needs, repetitive combinations/words emerging, provides object when asked

10-12 months

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

walking and altering speed, transitioning floor to stand

12-18 months

what is more indicative of function and quality of movement than age?

time since ambulation

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

controlled release, traps and rolls back ball while sitting, self feeding with utensils, holds crayon in fist to scribble

12-18 months

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

understands simple requests, identifies 3+ body parts, sparation distress, around 10-15 words

12-18 months

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

increased development of gait pattern, running emerging, stair mobility (creeping →standing)

18-24 months

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

improving grip w/ drawing tools

18-24 months

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

2 part commands, understands word combinations, 50-200 words, says no even when they don’t mean it

18-24 months

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

stairs with both feet on each step → ascending with alternating feet

2 year olds

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

holds crayon in fingers, vertical and horizontal are approximated

2 year olds

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

2 part phrases, more than 250 words, pretend play, responds to another upset child

2 year olds

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

descends stairs w/ alternating pattern, consistent jumping

3 year olds

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

assisted tooth brushing, donning/doffing clothes, draws circle

3 year olds

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

complete sentences, improving grammar, physical agression when frustrated

3 year olds

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

hops, gallops, emerging skip, overhand throw w/ trunk rotation

4 year olds

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

cuts with scissors, copies square, uses buttons, copies letters but may reverse some

4 year olds

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

poses questions, recognizes written name+ letters, correct word arrangement

4 year olds

At what developmental stage do these gross motor skills develop?

inconsistent jumping jacks, emerging forward roll, obstacle course, rides bike,

5 year olds

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

dynamic tripod grasp, improved writing endurance, free writing (no longer need structured lines)

5 year olds

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

may understand some words spelled aloud

5 year olds

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

skips, rides a bike w/o training wheels, roller skates

6 year olds

At what developmental stage do these fine motor skills develop?

zips coat w/o asssitance

6 year olds

At what developmental stage do these communication skills develop?

understands humor and homonyms

6 year olds

step one for development of prone skills

tolerance

progression of prone skills

turning head to clear airway, cervical extension, prone prop, roll to supine, prone pivot, extended forearms, belly crawling, creeping

progression of supine skills

physiological flexion, head in midline, hands in midline, hands to knees then feet, feet to mouth, pull to sit w/o lag, rolling supine to prone

do prone or supine skills develop first?

supine

progression of sitting skills

dependent, head control, prop sitting, hand free, unilateral reach, bimanual play, trunk rotation, independent transitions

progression of standing skills

reflexive stepping, weight acceptance, pull to stand, stand with support, cruising, high guard, static standing and assisted walking, independent walking, independent transitions

progression of floor-to-stand transitions

pull to stand, 3 pt stance, ½ kneel with upper extremity support, hands free ½ kneel, preferred method