AP Psych Science Practice 1 – Concept Application (AP Psychology)

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on Concept Application in AP Psychology.

Behavioral Perspective

An approach that explains behavior through observable actions and environmental influences, emphasizing learning via conditioning and reinforcement.

Cognitive Perspective

An approach focusing on mental processes like thinking, memory, perception, and problem-solving; how information is processed.

Psychodynamic Perspective

An approach emphasizing unconscious drives and early life experiences and how unresolved conflicts shape behavior.

Biological Perspective

An approach explaining behavior in terms of brain function, genetics, neurotransmitters, and other physiological processes.

Humanistic Perspective

An approach stressing personal growth, free will, self-actualization, and the subjective experience of individuals.

Sociocultural Perspective

An approach examining how culture, social norms, and situational contexts influence thoughts and behaviors.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, producing a conditioned response.

Exposure Therapy

A behavioral treatment that gradually exposes a person to feared stimuli or situations to reduce fear and avoidance.

Cognitive Therapy

Therapy focusing on identifying and restructuring negative or irrational thoughts to change feelings and behaviors.

Ethnocentrism

The tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture.

Collectivist Culture

A culture that emphasizes group goals, interdependence, and social harmony over individual desires.

Individualistic Culture

A culture that emphasizes personal independence and individual goals.

Personal Space

The culturally based preferred distance between people during interactions.

Eye Contact

Cultural norms regarding eye contact, indicating respect or disrespect depending on culture.

Cultural Norms

Unwritten rules that guide acceptable or unacceptable behavior within a culture.

Cultural Context

The cultural setting that influences how people perceive events and interpret behavior.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to seek out or focus on information that supports preexisting beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence.

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to see past events as more predictable than they actually were.

Overconfidence Bias

The tendency to overestimate one’s own knowledge, abilities, or accuracy in judgments.