Comprehensive Ophthalmology and Vision Disorders: Glaucoma, Strabismus, and Genetic Eye Conditions, Anatomy Quiz 3

Optic nerve hypoplasia

Underdevelopment of the optic nerve, leading to decreased vision or blindness.

Albinism

A genetic condition with little or no pigment in skin, hair, and eyes, often causing vision issues.

Exophoria OS

The left eye tends to drift outward when relaxed.

Hypertropia OD

The right eye is deviated upward compared to the left.

Left eye esotropia

A marked deviation for the left eye to look inwards.

A student with coloboma will almost definitely be a braille reader.

False:

A student with Stickler syndrome has a higher chance to be deaf-blind

True.

Glaucoma can be treated with eye drops and laser therapy.

True

Stargardt disease causes peripheral vision loss first.

False

Difference between wet and dry macular degeneration

Dry macular degeneration is gradual macula cell loss; wet involves abnormal blood vessels leaking, causing rapid vision loss.

Enucleation

Surgical removal of one or both eyes.

Optometrist

eye care specialist who prescribes glasses and contacts

Ophthalmologist

eye care specialist who diagnoses diseases of the eye and performs eye surgeries

Low Vision Therapist

a specialist who assists visually impaired adults with daily life function, assistive tech, and orientation and mobility

Glaucoma

"plumbing problem" of aqueous fluids

Common in elderly, one of the leading causes of VI, progressive disorder caused by increased intraocular pressure

Primary open angle glaucoma

Most common (90% of glaucoma) Slow clogging of drainage canals, gradual vision loss

Closed angle glaucoma

Sudden and fast, immediate attention

Painful, often need to have one or both eyes removed (enuculated)

Macular degeneration

Genetic, arrives with age, nutrition/smoking

Difficulty performing detailed tasks

Affects central vision first then peripheral

Wet macular degeneration

10% of cases, abnormal blood vessels grow toward macula, they break/bleed, causes retina to detach, rapid progression

Dry macular degeneration

Less severe, 90% of cases, small deposits form around retina, causing it to deteriorate

Slower progression

Amblyopia

"Lazy eye" is reduced vision in one eye caused by abnormal visual development early in life. The weaker eye often wanders inward or outward.

Strabismus

cross eyed eyes don’t align

Stargardt disease

A type of juvenile macular degeneration/dystrophy, hereditary

Progressive - vision decreases to about 20/200 - 20/400

No cure

Coloboma

Often secondary to other diseases or conditions, sgap or cleft in the structure of the eye, mild loss of vision typically, but can be severe, abnormally shaped pupil/ non circular pupil

Shaken baby syndrome

a type of TBI (traumatic brain injury) often resulting in brain swelling, hemorrhage, and retinal damage

Albinism

inherited genetic condition characterized by a reduced or absent ability to produce melanin, comes with significant vision impairment. photophobia,acuity often ranges from 20/200 - 20/800

eso-

in

exo-

out

hyper-

up

hypo-

down

-tropic

all the time/deviation

-phoric

sometimes

Stickler syndrome

Inherited tissue disorder that causes high myopia, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and retinal degeneration

Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

rare genetic disorder causes rapid, painless, and permanent central vision loss

starts in one eye before affecting both.

It typically impacts young males aged 10-30

Leber's Congenital Amaurosis

Affects males and females, starts at birth

they develop useful vision first 6 months

Will be braille readers, many have light perception only

Optic nerve hypoplasia

congenital disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of one or both optic nerves

OD

Right Eye

Ou

Both Eyes

OS

Left eye

which diseases are progressive?

Stargardt, Glaucoma, Wet macular degeneration (faster), Dry macular degeneration (slower)