Unit 1-2 BIO Midterms

Why is biodiversity important to ecosystems?

\n It helps populations adapt to ecological changes.

Which letter shows a population in most unfavorable conditions?

E where the population goes down

Nitrogen accounts for nearly 79% of the air. Still nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for plant growth because...

all of the above

N˘2 cannot be directly utilized by plants

High energy is required to break a triple bond

Nitrogen almost an inert gas, N involved reactions require extreme conditions such as high temperature

Burmese pythons are large snakes that have been introduced into the Florida Everglades ecosystem. Burmese pythons and alligators hunt the same prey. One likely effect of the introduction of the pythons is that

\n alligator populations will decline

The major reservoir for phosphorus is/are

soil and rocks

Desert temperature ranges between night and day may vary by as much as 50°C while temperatures ranges between night and day in temperature deciduous forest at the same latitude will only vary by approximately 15°C. This happens because water_______

has high specific heat

Which of the following would be most effective in slowing the loss of biodiversity?

creating large parks/preserves in biodiversity hotspots

Two organisms live in close association with one another. One benefits while the other is unaware of the first organism. The relationship is best described as

Commensalism

The process of converting nitrate to nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide is called: 

denitrification

Negative impacts of sediments in our waterways include: 

all of the answers are negative impacts of sediments

Stormwater flow increases with the following factor

Increase in mowed grass fields

Your are able to transport the atoms and molecules necessary for cell function to your cells because water is a _______________ meaning it can dissolve _________ and _________ molecules.

universal solvent; ionic and covalently bonded

Which of the following elements enters terrestrial organisms primarily from the atmosphere rather than from absorption from the soil. 

\n carbon

Which letter shows the carrying capacity (K) of a population?

C

Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide will cause which of the following changes in oceanic chemistry?

(Check all that apply)

lower pH, increased level of carbonic acid

In the carbon cycle, the main way that carbon moves from the atmosphere to the geosphere is through

marine organisms taking it from the water to make into calcium carbonate shells which get deposited and buried on the bottom of the ocean

Which of the following correctly explains what happens to the level of oxygen dissolved in water when organic waste is put in the water?

The levels would decrease because of the bacteria feeding off the waste and using the oxygen for cellular respiration

2018 has seen more acreage than ever destroyed by wildfires. We expect to see changes in the biodiversity of the forest ecosystem but also for the aquatic (river, lake and ocean) ecosystems in the area of the fires. The biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystems is expected to decrease due to .......

\n density independent limiting effect of sediment input from erosion on population growth

Which of the following is a major reason for eutrophication? 

runoff of nutrients from land

Two sites, both covered with mowed grass were measured using a clinometer. A clinometer measures the slope or gradient of a surface.  The clinometer reading for site A was 30° while the clinometer reading for site B was 10°. You would expect

Lower rates of water infiltration at site A

According to the climate chart below, which months have the greatest potential for contaminating groundwater or surface water in the watershed with pollutants in the soil?

Sept - Oct

Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a human activity with its impact on the environment?

4: decrease in recycling-reduction in amount of available resources

The graduating class of a high school would like to give the school a gift that would have a positive impact on the environment. Which plan would be the best choice?

planting native trees along the border of the school property

pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a water source is. This is important when identifying the effect of a water source on living things in the habitat because....

organisms are adapted to live in a certain pH, generally around 7

For centuries, humans have used resources from coastal areas and open ocean waters. An example of an activity that would promote the conservation of coastal areas and ocean resources is

creating protected zones of natural grasses and shrubs in beach areas

A researcher concludes from a 10-year study that the biodiversity of an ecosystem had increased. Which set of observations represents evidence for this claim?

There were more niches and greater stability in the ecosystem.

A benefit of animals living in a group include which of the following?

all of the the answer choices are correct

It is usually desirable to manage soils in ways that maintain a high infiltration rate because this results in

more water becoming available to sustain plant productivity

Disadvantages to animals living in a group such as a pack of wolves include

\n increased chance of disease and parasites

Denitrification, the process that returns N˘2 to the atmosphere occurs by

Biological organisms found in soils

What causes a logistic growth curve to level off?

the reproduction rate decreases and the mortality rate increases

Before a new shopping center can be built on previously undeveloped land, the builders \n must submit a proposal to the local government for approval. Which statement identifies an environmental concern associated with the development of the shopping center?

Building the center would decrease resources needed by local organisms.

The diagram below represents two processes that occur in organisms. A characteristic represented by X is common to both of these processes.

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\
A characteristic that the two processes have in common is that each process \n

moves molecules

Using your knowledge of biology and the diagram below- which represents an amoeba engulfing bacteria

\
The activity taking place is:

\n endocytosis

Using a microscope and a wet-mount slide, a student observed a pond water sample containing paramecia, which are single-celled freshwater organisms. She noticed that there was a structure within each living paramecium that contracted regularly—about four times each minute. She researched the organism in his science textbook and found that the structure was a contractile vacuole and its function was to remove excess water from the paramecium. In the diagram below, a paramecium is represented as seen through a microscope. The function of the contractile vacuole is described.

\
She decided to determine if the concentration of salt in the environment of the paramecium would affect the rate at which the contractile vacuole would contract.

The student predicted that the contractile vacuole would contract fewer times in one minute in a solution that had a higher concentration of salt than that found in typical pond water. This prediction is most likely

correct, because water would be moving out of the cell through aquaporins/channels in the membrane and into the salt solution

The cytoplasm in a single-celled organism and the circulatory system in a human both:

transport substances throughout the organism

Using a microscope and a wet-mount slide, a student observed a pond water sample containing paramecia, which are single-celled freshwater organisms. She noticed that there was a structure within each living paramecium that contracted regularly—about four times each minute. She researched the organism in his science textbook and found that the structure was a contractile vacuole and its function was to remove excess water from the paramecium. In the diagram below, a paramecium is represented as seen through a microscope. The function of the contractile vacuole is described.

\
\
She decided to determine if the concentration of salt in the environment of the paramecium would affect the rate at which the contractile vacuole would contract.

The process used to remove excess water from the paramecium by the contractile vacuole is

active transport

The diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents an experimental setup.

A student filled a dialysis tube with 97% water solution and sealed the ends. The tube and its contents had a mass of 55 grams. The student placed the tube in a solution, and the mass of the tube and its contents increased to 60 grams. Into which solution was the dialysis tube placed?

99% water

The diagram below represents two cells viewed using the same magnification with the same microscope.

\
One possible conclusion that can be drawn about the activity of these two cells is that:

more active transport occurs in cell A than in cell B

If the concentration of sodium is greater outside a cell than inside the cell, which process could \n move sodium out of the cell? \n

active transport using a protein pump

The concentration of potassium is higher in red blood cells than in the surrounding blood plasma. \n This higher concentration is maintained by the process of

active transport

The diagram represents an experimental setup.

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\
Which statement best describes what would most likely be observed after 20 minutes?

The contents of the dialysis tube would turn blue-black.

Base your answers to the question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a plant leaf cell and two different molecules used in the process of glucose synthesis.

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\
Molecules 1 and 2 enter the cell and glucose leaves the cell through the process of \n

diffusion

The diagram represents two solutions, A and B, separated by a selectively permeable membrane.

\
Which statement best describes the outcome after 20 minutes?

Solution A will contain most of the water molecules.

The diagram below represents a specimen in the low-power field of view of a compound light microscope.

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If the slide is not moved, which view best represents the way the specimen will look when the high-power objective lens is switched into place?

1

A function of cell membranes in humans is the

recognition of certain chemicals

The diagram below represents a cell and some molecules in its environment.

\
Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to be brought into the cell?

4-circle

*Pneumocystis* is an organism normally found in the human lungs that can cause pneumonia. It \n seldom causes problems in individuals with healthy immune systems. However, people with AIDS sometimes become seriously ill with pneumonia. This is most likely due to the fact that individuals with AIDS have

difficulty fighting off infections

Which activity can occur without the use of energy? \n

movement of water across a membrane