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Judicial Review
The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional
Marbury v. Madison
This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
U.S. Supreme Court
Highest court in the US
State Supreme Court
A state's highest court which typically decides matters of law appealed from lower courts
appeals court
a court in which appeals from trial-court decisions are heard
Florida Circuit Courts
The Florida circuit courts are state courts, and are trial courts of original jurisdiction for most controversies.
original jurisdiction
The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts about a case.
U.S. District Courts
the courts where most federal cases begin, the U.S. District Courts are courts of original jurisdiction and hear civil and criminal cases
U.S. Court of Appeals
Decides cases which are appealed from the federal district courts.
precedent
How similar cases have been decided in the past.
civil case
A case involving a noncriminal matter, such as a contract dispute
criminal court
Courts that have the potential to take away someone's freedom
Common Law
a system of law based on precedent and customs
Hammurabi's Code
a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life
English Bill of Rights
document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament
Magna Carta
(1215) a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John of England was forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom
Federalism
A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
impartial jury
the jury must not be prejudiced (influenced) against the defendant
prosecutor
a government official who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state
verdict
the decision of a jury
military law (UCMJ)
laws applicable to people in the armed forces
Rule of Law
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
court-martial
a court composed of military personnel, for the trial of those accused of violating military law
Felony
A serious crime
Misdemeanor
minor crime
Note 
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