Chapter 15 - North and South (Governmet, Economy, Draft)

Northern Government

• Linclon (Strong political leader)

  • Suspends habeus corpus (the right to have someone explain why you were arrested)

  • 13,000 were arrested

• Two parties emerged

  • Republican: Radicals, Abolitioists, etc - KEEP THE UNION

  • Democrats: “Copperheads” - WANT PEACE

Southern Government

• Jefferson Davis was the leader

• Confederate Government; State governers

  • Davis’s fight for political power

Northern Economy

• 3% income tax o incomes are too low

• Borrowed $2.2 billion

• Greenbacks

• Economy is booming - machinery begins to replace humans

Southern Economy

• Borrowed $712 million

  • They borrowed so much less because they are losing money and don’t have enough to pay back

  • Other people don’t want to lose their money, so they don’t help them

• Printed $1.5 billion in paper money

Northern Draft

• 1863 (After the South)

• Conscription Act (The act that starts the Draft)

• “A rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight”

• 20-45 years old

• People could pay $300 for someone to take their place

• This started Draft riots in NYC (Mainly started by the Irish-Catholic population)

Southern Draft

• 1862 (Before the North)

• 18-35 years old - This turned to 17-50 by the end of the war

• There were many exemptions from the war

• There was also substitution (someone could take your place if you got drafted and didn’t want to go)

Changes for African Americans

• Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

  • Declared that all slaves in the Confederate states were permanently free

  • Didn’t establish slavery world wide

  • Wasn’t a law but instead a direct order

• African American Troops

  • North: Building roads - not necessarily fighting

  • The first fight was 54 Massachusetts

• All slaves finally got freedom after the war when the 13th Amendment was passed in 1865

Women on the homefront

• Too over the farms and businesses

• Women were nurses, spys, and even fought

• Clara Barton

• Hariet Tubman - Spy for the South

South

• Southern attempts to break the blockade

• CSS Hunly was the first submarine used in the war

• Merrimack vs. Monitor

  • Merrimack: Confederacy war ship that had sunk (ironclad)

  • South can’t build any because they do not have enough resources

Sherman’s March to the Sea

• Atlanta to Savannah

  • 300 miles long and 10 miles wide for the bath

• Bring the war to their doorsteps

  • They destroyed EVERYTHING…

  • Houses, farms, etc. were BURNT

  • Railroads - Dixie bowtie with trees

• As a result of this…

  • The Union cut the Confederacy into 3rds

  • They trapped Lee in Virginia

  • He didn’t have enough troops or resources, so there wasn’t really anything for them to do

Southern at Appomattax, April 9, 1865

• Roughly 600,000 casualties including both sides

• Again, Robert E. Lee surrenders because he does not have enough troops and resources

• The North showed great respect - nicer means less chance of them coming back for revenge

• Lee can keep his sword and horses (for farming back home; planning for after the war)

• Reconstruction doesn’t fix racism and separation