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What is the primary goal of palliative care?
To focus on symptom management, quality of life, and family support while continuing curative treatments if desired.
When does hospice care typically begin?
When curative treatments are no longer pursued, and the focus shifts entirely to comfort and pain management.
How do palliative care and hospice care differ in terms of treatment goals?
Palliative care can accompany curative treatments, while hospice care focuses solely on comfort measures.
How do children aged 0–2 years understand death?
They have no concept of death but reflect their parents' emotions and may show developmental regression.
What is a key characteristic of the understanding of death in children aged 2–7 years?
They see death as temporary and reversible, often associating it with punishment for bad behavior.
How do children aged 7–12 years typically view death?
They begin to understand death as irreversible but may not see it as inevitable for everyone.
What is the adolescent (12+ years) perspective on death?
They have an adult-like understanding of death as inevitable and permanent but may struggle with acceptance.
What are some cultural differences in expressing grief?
Some cultures prefer open mourning, while others favor private grief.
How can nurses support cultural practices during grief and loss?
Respect cultural preferences and engage spiritual leaders or cultural advisors as needed.
Why is it important to understand a family’s cultural beliefs about death?
Beliefs influence how families cope with loss and approach rituals, mourning, and the afterlife.
What is a common parental response to the loss of a child?
Parents may experience profound grief, guilt, loneliness, and a sense of losing their identity as parents.
How might siblings respond to the loss of a brother or sister?
Siblings may feel neglected, experience guilt, regress developmentally, or show behavioral changes.
What can nurses do to help siblings cope with the loss of a sibling?
Educate them about the illness, involve them in memory-making activities, and provide emotional support.
What nursing interventions are important during the dying process?
Create a supportive environment, encourage memory-making, and facilitate bonding with the child.
What resources should nurses provide to families after a child’s death?
Grief counseling, support group information, and follow-up to aid in the grieving process.
What are some physical signs of impending death in children?
Cool extremities, loss of senses, confusion, decreased appetite, Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
How can nurses provide anticipatory guidance about the dying process?
Explain physical and emotional changes in age-appropriate terms and prepare families for what to expect.
How does chronic illness affect family dynamics?
It can cause emotional strain, financial stress, and changes in relationships, with siblings often feeling neglected.
What role does the nurse play in supporting families of chronically ill children?
Provide financial and counseling resources, foster family communication, and engage community support networks.
How can nurses address the financial challenges faced by families with chronically ill children?
Connect families with financial aid resources and social services to ease the burden.
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