Basic Chemical Principles

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24 Terms

1

What is the basic unit of matter?

An atom is the smallest stable unit of matter.

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2

What are the three main subatomic particles of an atom?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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3

What charge do neutrons have?

Neutrons are electrically neutral and have no charge.

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4

What defines a molecule?

A molecule is formed when atoms interact to produce larger, more complex structures.

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5

What indicates the mass of an atom?

The mass of an atom is primarily determined by the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

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6

What is the outermost shell of an atom called?

The electron shell.

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7

What is an isotope?

Atoms of a single element that have different numbers of neutrons.

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8

Which subatomic particle varies in different isotopes?

Neutrons.

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9

What is the significance of the element oxygen in the human body?

Oxygen is a component of water and other compounds; gaseous form is essential for respiration.

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10

Which element has the symbol Fe and is important for oxygen transport?

Iron.

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11

What is a cation?

A cation is an ion with a positive charge due to the loss of one or more electrons.

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12

What is the process called when atoms share electrons?

Covalent bonding.

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13

What type of bond is formed through the electrical attraction between cations and anions?

Ionic bonds.

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14

What is a polar molecule?

A molecule with unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in charged portions.

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15

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

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16

What is a hydrogen bond?

An attraction between the small polar charges on hydrogen atoms and negative charges on other polar molecules.

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17

What is the role of kinetic energy in the human body?

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, important for functions like muscle contraction.

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18

What is a decomposition reaction?

A reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller components.

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19

What does a synthesis reaction involve?

Combining smaller molecules or atoms into larger molecules.

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20

What denotes an ion in chemical notation?

A plus or minus sign following the chemical symbol indicates an ion.

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21

What is an example of a polar molecule?

Water (H2O) is an example of a polar molecule.

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22

What occurs during an exchange reaction?

Reactants are shuffled to produce new products.

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23

What is meant by chemical equilibrium?

It's the state when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

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24

What is the significance of trace elements in the body?

Trace elements function in various biochemical processes, though many functions remain poorly understood.

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