UNIT 9 VOCAB AP world

a way or manner in which something occurs or is experienced, expressed, or done

Mode

concerned with or engaged in commerce

-making or intended to make a profit

Commercial

the amount of separation between two points or objects on the surface of the Earth

Geographical distance

the state or quality of producing something, especially crops

-the effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input

Productivity

make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, appearance, or character of

Transformed

relating to or effecting reproduction

Reproductive

continuing for an extended period or without interruption

Sustained

(especially of an organism or crop) containing genetic material that has been artificially altered so as to produce a desired characteristic

Genetically modified

the occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease, crime, or something else undesirable

Incidence

long life

Longevity

substance that pollutes something, especially water or the atmosphere

-chemicals

-trash

Pollutants

the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet

Atmosphere

(of a vehicle or other physical object) begin to move more quickly

-increase in amount or extent

Accelerated

free market policy that became popular in the post-Cold War era, where countries' governments removed their own political controls over their markets

Economic liberalization

a society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose

institution

written or spoken communication or debate

discourse

a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof

assumptions

including or covering all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required

inclusive

the action or process of integrating

integration

be or go beyond the range or limits of (something abstract, typically a conceptual field or division)

transcended

disturbance or problems which interrupt an event, activity, or process

disruption

(of a rider or their boots) having a spiked device on the heels for urging a horse forward

spurred

an economy in which growth is dependent on the quantity, quality, and accessibility of the information available, rather than the means of production

knowledge economy

Genetic modification of plants involves adding a specific stretch of DNA into the plant's genome, giving it new or different characteristics. This could include changing the way the plant grows, or making it resistant to a particular disease.

chemically + genetically modified agriculture

A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen

-increase life expectancy

vaccines

chemicals that inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms

-increase life expectancy

antibiotics

A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood.

malaria

an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food

cholera

killed as many as 50 to 100 million people worldwide.

1918 flu

A contagious viral disease originating in Africa. It is transmitted by blood and body fluids and causes body organs and vessels to leak blood, usually resulting in death.

ebola

An abnormal organic condition of the heart or of circulation.

-common in first world countries

heart disease

a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning

Alzheimer's disease

Destruction of forests

deforestation

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

desertification

Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse effect.

greenhouse gases and pollutants

Change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over periods of decades

climate change

an epic standoff between the US and the Soviet Union that lasted about 40 years

cold war

While president, he developed Reagannomics, the trickle down effect of government incentives. He cut out many welfare and public works programs. He used the Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict. His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War. He was also responsible for the Iran-contra Affair which bought hostages with guns.

ronald reagan

Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong.

deng xiaoping

knowledge economies

finland and japan

production and manufacturing economies

vietnam, bangladesh, and mexico

multinational company that's connected to other companies

-example of globalization

nestle

Administers the rules governing trade between its 144 members. Helps producers, importers, and exporters conduct their business and ensure that trade flows smoothly.

the World Trade Organization

Agreement that created a free-trade area among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

NAFTA

one without government intervention or regulation. In a purely free market, buyers and sellers arrive at prices based only on supply and demand

free-market economic policies

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948. The document consists of 30 articles that outline the fundamental rights that every person is entitled to, regardless of their race, religion, nationality, or any other status

declaration of human rights

an anti-colonial cultural and political movement founded by a group of African and Caribbean students in Paris in the 1930s-sought to reclaim the value of blackness and African culture

negritude

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

apartheid

an international organization that works for environmental conservation and the preservation of endangered species

greenpeace

is a global network of fair trade organizations and a resources for locating vendors and products- create opportunities for economically disadvantaged producers, develop producers independence, fair pricing, gender equity, safe working environments and practices

world fair trade organization

"Coming from the people"; a distinct of the musical genre in Jamaica, evolving from traditional Jamaican music including sua and mento, American rhythm and blues, and the heavy back-bested rhythm and African music

-syncretism

reggae

example of social media contributing to globalization

-impact of social media on politics

twitter

global brand of cars that represents globalization transforming the world's economy

toyota

global multinational corporation for drinks

coca-cola

new communication technology that eliminated geographic barriers

radio communication

cellular phones transforming the world

-connecting everyone

-internet

cellular communication

A global network connecting millions of computers, making it possible to exchange information.

internet

-new shipping methods in the air

-new transportation, faster

air travel

new transportation for global trade

shipping containers

new energy source examples

energy technologies: petroleum and nuclear power

-change of family structure, introduction of contraceptives

-less births

birth control

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

green revolution