Psych Intelligence/Research Methods

Reliable

proven by other sources, get the same results from doing the test multiple times, (even questions of math test and odd questions of math test should have similar scores) 

normal curve

34.1, 13.6, 2.15

Charles Spearman

created Model of Intelligence (“g”)

General intelligence

“g” Book smarts (academic)

Content Validity

the gets the whole range of the concept being tested (ex. depression test would have all aspects of depression not just one) 

Standardization

needs to have a baseline, everyone needs to have same level playing field

Predictive validity

how well a tests predicts what its testing you on (ex. driving tests predicting how well you can drive), predicts a persons success

Howard Gardner

created _’s 8 Intelligences: a few abilities that come in packages

Robert Sternberg

created _’s 3 intelligences 

Sternbergs 3 intelligences

conventional (academic), creative (reacting to situations), and practical (common stuff)

Alfred Binet

created school achievement test + given the task to determine kids mental ages

Lewis Terman

created the Stanford-Binet IQ test

IQ (Intelligence Quotient) formula

(mental age/chronological age) x 100 

Validity/Valid

if the test is actually testing what it says it tests (measuring what it says its measuring) ex. if ur getting tested in another language ur getting tested on the other language not the material

Heritability

50% comes from parents, 50% comes from environmental factors

David Wechsler

created WAIS and WHISC

WAIS and WHISC

intelligence test (one 4 adults + one 4 children) that r 11 subtests to find intelligence

Factor analysis

statistical technique that simplifies complex data by finding underlying patterns

Savant Syndrome

ppl who do bad on intelligence tests but are really bright

Achievement test

test on knowledge you’ve learned or already have (ex. SAT)

Aptitude test

test on how well someones going to succeed in an area (MEASURE POTENTIAL)

Test-Retest Reliability 

when the same person takes a test multiple times

Flynn Affect

the worldwide phenomenon of the average persons intelligence score increasing over the years

Experimental Method

the best research method, manipulating one or more variables to observe the effect on the dependent variable to create cause-effect relationships

Independent Variable

what is changed

Dependent Variable

what is measured

Correlational Method

looks at the relationship between two + variables without manipulation, researcher is NOT putting the variable in

Naturalistic Observation

observing subjects in their natural environments without getting involved

Case Study

in depth analysis of a single individual, group, or event

Surveys & questionares

collects data from a large # of respondents

Longitudinal studies

studies that take place over a long period of time w/ repeated observations of the same subjects over time

Cross Sectional Studies

looks @ diff groups of participants at a single point in time 

Meta Analysis

combines results from multiple studies