psych aaq

experiment

manipulate independent variable leads to cause and effect by randomly assigning to control and treatment groups

correlational studies

relationship between 2 variables without identifying causation

survey

information reported by people

naturalistic observation

observing behavior in natural settings without intervention.

hawthorne effect

the tendency of people to alter their behavior when they know they are being observed.

case study

in-depth study and analysis, can’t be generalized

longitudinal study

study that follows the same subjects over a period of time.

cross-sectional study

examine different groups at same time

operational definition

define the variable and procedure used to measure, has to be specific, replicable, quantifiable

mean

average value of dataset, central tendency

mode

most frequent value or common response

median

middle value

range

spread or variability of data

standard deviation

variability or consistency

percentile rank

relative comparison of individual scoress

skewness

a measure of asymmetry in the distribution of data values

correlation coefficient

positive/negative relationship and strong/weak

effect size

magnitude of difference and relationship

IRB approval

meet ethical standards for participant safety and welfarein

informed consent

voluntary agreement

ethical guidelines

informed consent, protection from harm, avoiding deception, confidentiality, debriefing

debriefing

researchers explain the purpose of the study, methods, and findings

generalizability

the extent to which research findings can be applied to settings or populations beyond the study sample (use features of the sample)

meta-analysis

a statistical technique that combines results from multiple studies to identify overall trends and effects.