AP HUG Chapter 10 Vocab - Development and Globalization

Developed Country

A sovereign state that has a high quality of life, a developed economy, and an advanced technological infrastructure

Developing Country

A country that is seeking to be more advanced economically and socially

Development

The process of improving the material condition of people through the growth and diffusion of technology and knowledge (Based on the Industrial Revolution and Westernization)

Neocolonialism

The use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies

Development Gap

The widening difference in levels of development between the world's richest and poorest countries (MDCs develop faster than LDCs)

Brandt Line (North-South Divide)

The developmental gap between northern and southern states (partially due to colonialization)

Island of Development

Pockets of more developed areas within lesser developed countries

Rostow’s Ladder of Development

A modernization model focused on the shift from traditional society to a Westernized, industrialized world

World Systems Theory (Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory)

A dependency model stating that all countries are intertwined as a global system

Dependency Theory

Resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former

Core

The industrialized capitalist or imperialist countries that can exploit periphery and semi-periphery states

Semi-Periphery

Industrializing countries between core and periphery states

Periphery

Countries that are less developed than and can be exploited by core and semi-periphery states

Female Labor Force Participation Rate

A percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force

Gender Development Index

Measures the gender gap in income, education, and life expectancy (think HDI by gender)

Gender Inequality Index

Measures the gender gap in reproductive health, empowerment, and laborforce

Gross Domestic Product

Total value of production in one year __within a country__

Gross National Income

Total value of all goods including those overseas (GDP + exports - imports)

Gross National Product

Total value of all goods domestic and abroad __from citizens__

Human Development Index

A measure of human development by health, knowledge, and standard of living

Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index

The average achievements of a country in health, education, and income, but also how those achievements are distributed among its population by “discounting” each dimension's average value according to its level of inequality

Literacy Rate

The percentage of the population of a given age group that can read and write

Special Economic Zones

An area with economic regulations to increase trade (foreign investment, free trade, no tax, looser regulations)

Microfinance (Microcredit)

The lending of small amounts of money at low interest to new businesses in the developing world

Purchasing Power Parity

The rates of currency conversion that try to equalize the purchasing power of different currencies, by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries

Structural Adjustment Program

A set of economic reforms that a country must adhere to in order to secure a loan from the International Monetary Fund and/or the World Bank

Fair Trade

Consumers in mostly more developed countries purchase goods from producers mainly in less developed countries where a portion of the income is pad back to the producers

Millennium Development Goals

Eight goals with measurable targets and clear deadlines for improving the lives of the world's poorest people in developing countries

Sustainable Development

Development for people in the future to live well (resource depletion, environmental degradationn, ecotourism)

Sustainable Development Goals

Universal goals and targets for MDCs and LDCs developed by the UN to eradicate poverty and realize a sustainable world

Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)

A nonprofit organization that operates independently of any government, typically one whose purpose is to address a social or political issue

Vertical Integration

When one company controls all aspects of its production process

Horizontal Integration

Expansion by merging with or quiring other companies within the same part of the supply chain

Vectored Disease

A disease that spreads through a host (malaria)