Module 1 - Lesson 3 Part 1: Power Sources & Power Handling Equipment

Generator

An electrical machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, using the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Generator

Used to produce electrical power for both small and large-scale applications.

AC Generator (Alternator)

A type of generator that produces alternating current (AC) electricity, typically used in homes, businesses, and power stations

Portable Generators

Small units that provide temporary or backup power for household appliances or small tools

Standby Generators

Larger systems that automatically start up during a power outage to provide backup power for a home or business.

Industrial Generators

Used in large-scale applications, such as factorio generate significant amounts of electricity.

Transfer Switch

A protective device used to safely transfer electrical load from the primary power source (e.g., utility) to an alternate source (e.g., generator) during a power outage or failure.

Transfer Switch

It ensures that only one power source is connected to the load at a time, preventing back-feeding, which could damage equipment or endanger utility workers.

Manual Transfer Switch (MTS)

Requires an operator to manually flip a switch to change the power source.

Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)

Automatically detects power loss and switches to the alternate power source without human intervention.

uninterruptible power source

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is also known as

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

A type of continual power system that provides automated backup electric power to a load when the input power source or main power fails.

Distribution Transformer

Used to step down high-voltage

Distribution Transformer

Typically located near the point of consumption and is essential for ensuring safe and efficient delivery of electricity to meet local demand.

Pole-Mounted Transformer

Transformers mounted on utility poles, for outdoor use in areas with overhead power lines.

Pole-Mounted Transformer

Steps down high-voltage electricity (e.g., 13.2kV) to low-voltage electricity (e.g., 230V or 400V) for direct distribution.

Pole-Mounted Transformer

Cooling Method: Oil-filled.

Pole-Mounted Transformer

Used In:

• Rural and semi-urban areas

• Small residential or commercial zones

• Areas with overhead power distribution systems

Pole-Mounted Transformer

Advantages:

• Cost-effective for rural and low-density areas

• Quick to install and maintain

• Space-saving as they do not require ground space

Pad-Mounted Transformer

Outdoor transformers installed on concrete pads, enclosed in tamper-resistant, weatherproof cases.

Pad-Mounted Transformer

Step down high-voltage electricity (e.g., 11kV or 33kV) to a usable low voltage (e.g., 230V or 400V) for residential, commercial, or industrial use

Pad-Mounted Transformer

Cooling Method: Oil-filled for efficient heat dissipation.

Pad-Mounted Transformer

Used In:

• Residential subdivisions

• Commercial complexes

• Industrial parks

• Outdoor utility areas

Pad-Mounted Transformer

Advantages:

• Weatherproof and secure for outdoor use

• Ideal for underground power distribution systems

Dry-Type Transformer

Indoor transformers that use air cooling instead of oil, making them safer and more environmentally friendly.

Dry-Type Transformer

Step down high-voltage electricity for indoor applications in commercial buildings.

Dry-Type Transformer

Typically privately-owned transformer

Dry-Type Transformer

Cooling Method: Air-cooled through natural convection ventilation

Dry-Type Transformer

Used in:

• High-rise residential and commercial buildings

• Schools, universities, and healthcare facilities

• Data centers and IT environments

Dry-Type Transformer

Advantages:

• Fire-safe for indoor applications (no oil)

• Low maintenance and compact design

• Eco-friendly cooling

Panelboard

A device that houses overcurrent protection devices (circuit breakers or fuses) and distributes electrical power to individual circuits.

Panelboard

Used in residential or small commercial applications.

Panelboard

Wall mounted
Voltage Rating: Typically, up to 600V

Panelboard

Installation: Wall-mounted, and accessible from the front.

Switchboard

A large electrical distribution panel used to manage multiple circuits, allowing control of power system. It also allows rerouting electricity to different sections of a building or facility.

Switchboard

Used in commercial and industrial applications.

Switchboard

Ground mounted
Voltage Rating: Up to 600V.

Switchboard

Installation: Ground-mounted and can be accessed from both the front and back.

Switchgear

A combination of electrical disconnect switches, circuit breakers, and fuses that protect and isolate electrical equipment.

Switchgear

It is used to control, protect, and switch electrical circuits in medium- and highvoltage systems.

Switchgear

Used in industrial, commercial, and utility applications.

Switchgear

Voltage Rating: Up to 38kV (depending on the type of switchgear).

Switchgear

Installation: Can be installed both indoors and outdoors.

Indoor Switchgear

A type of switchgear primarily used in low-voltage systems.

Indoor Switchgear

A type of switchgear that is compact and space-efficient.

Indoor Switchgear

A type of switchgear that is designed for use in enclosed, protected spaces.

Indoor Switchgear

A type of switchgear that is used in commercial buildings, industrial plants, control rooms.

Outdoor Switchgear

A type of switchgear used in high-voltage power systems.

Outdoor Switchgear

A type of switchgear that is larger and built to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

Outdoor Switchgear

A type of switchgear that is designed for outdoor installation, semi-protected spaces.

Outdoor Switchgear

A type of switchgear that is used in substations, power plants, electrical distribution systems.

Power Control

Monitor, control, and protect electrical power flow.

Power Control

Transformers, control panels, and protective relays.

Power Switches

Disconnect power flow during faults.

Power Switches

Lightning arresters, circuit breakers, or fuses.

"metal-clad switchgear" or "metal-clad switchgear."

Switchgear rated over 1000 V

low voltage power circuit breaker switchgear

Switchgear rated below 1000 V or less

metal enclosed

All switchgear subject to PEC 1 requirements is

Portable Generator

Standby Generator

Industrial Generator

Manual Transfer Switch

Automatic Transfer Switch

Uninterruptible Power Supply

Single Phase Pole-Mounted Transformer

Three Phase Pole-Mounted Transformer

Three Phase Pole-Mounted Transformer

Closed Transformer Pad

Single Phase Transformer Pad

Three Phase Transformer Pad

Dry-Type Transformer

Panelboard

Switchboard

Switchgear

Indoor Switchgear

Outdoor Switchgear