Psychological Disorders

schizophrenia

prototypical disorder with psychosis

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

add something to behavior, cognition or affect such as delusions or hallucinations

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

the loss of something such as disturbances of affect and avolition

major depressive disorder

at least 1 major depressive episode

persistant depressive disorder

dysthymia for at least 2 years that doesn’t meet criteria for major depressive disorder

seasonal affective disorder

depression occurring in winter

bipolar I

at least one manic episode

bipolar II

at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode

cyclothymic disorder

hypomanic episode with dysthymia

anxiety disorders

generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and panic disorder

obessions

persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses

compulsions

repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause impairment in a person’s life

body dysmorphic disorder

unrealistic, negative evaluation of one’s appearance

PTSD

intrusive symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares. Avoidance symptoms, negative cognitive symptoms and arousal symptoms

dissociative amnesia

cant recall past experiences

dissociate fugue

assumption of a new identity

dissociate identity disorder

multiple personalities

depersonalization/derealization disorder

feeling detached from the mind and body, or environment

illness anxiety disorder

preoccupation with thoughts about having or coming down with illness

conversion disorder

associated with prior trauma, involves unexplained symptoms resulting in loss o body function

hypochondriasis

one strongly believes they have a serious illness despite few or no symptoms

cluster a “weird”

a group of disorders characterized by odd or eccentric behaviors; paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder

cluster b “wild”

group of disorders characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors; antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic personality disorders

cluster c “worried”

a group of disorders characterized by anxious of fearful behaviors; avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders

behaviorist approach

classical and operant conditioning shapes the disorder

biomedical approach

takes into account only physical and medical causes

biopsychosocial approacj

considers relative contributions of biological, psychological, and social components

psychodynamic approach

related to freud’s psychoanalysis

biological basis of schizophrenia

genetic factors, birth trauma, marijuana use, family history

biological basis of depression

Increased glucocorticoids, decreased norepinephrine serotonin and dopamine

biological basis of bipolar disorders

increased norepinephrine and serotonin; also heritable

biological basis of alzheimer’s

genetic factors, brain atrophy, decreased ACh and senile plaques beta amyloid

biological basis of parkinson’s

bradykinesia, resting tremor, pill rolling tremor, masklike facies, cogwheel rigidity, and a shuffling gait; decreased dopamine