Plant Biology Review Flashcards

Flashcards reviewing plant biology lecture notes, focusing on vocabulary and definitions.

Meristems

Cells that act as stem cells in animals and divide to produce one differentiated and one meristematic cell.

Dermal Tissue

Covers and protects external surfaces of the plant.

Ground Tissue

Internal tissue types of plants that participate in photosynthesis, storage, and structural support.

Vascular Tissue

Transports water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Epidermis

Outer protective covering of the plant; one cell layer thick and covered with a waterproof cuticle.

Specialized Cells in Epidermis

Guard cells forming stomata, trichomes and root hairs are examples of these.

Parenchyma

Most common type of plant cell; involved in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion.

Collenchyma

Plant cells that provide support and protection, allowing bending without breaking.

Sclerenchyma

Plant cells that provide support and protection; secondary cell walls often contain lignin.

Primary Growth

Increase in plant length, occurring at apical meristems at the tips of buds, stems, and roots.

Root Cap

Protects the root apical meristem.

Leaf Primordia

Protects the shoot apical meristem.

Secondary Growth

Increase in diameter of shoots and roots through cell division in the lateral meristems.

Four Main Stem Functions

Mechanical support, housing vascular tissues, water/food storage, meristematic tissue for new cells.

Function of Root Systems

Transports water and dissolved minerals, large root surface, stores nutrients, anchors plant.

Root Hairs

Tubular extensions of individual epidermal cells, NOT equivalent to lateral roots