Developmental Psychology | Unit VII & VIII | Final Exam Reviewer Part 2

Adolescence

The age when the individual becomes integrated intothe society of adults, the age when the child no longer feels that he is below the level of his elders but in equal rights

Adolescere, to grow or to grow to maturity

Adolescence came from the latin word ___________, meaning __________.

1. Early Adolescence

2. Late Adolescence

Subdivisions of Adolescence

Early Adolescence

Extends from roughly 13 to 16/17 years. Usually referred to as “teens”.

Late Adolescence

covers period until 18, the age of legal maturity. A very short period.

1. Adolescence is an important period.

2. Adolescence is a transitional period.

3. Adolescence is a period of change.

4. Adolescence is a problem age.

5. Adolescence is a time of search for identity.

6. Adolescence is dreaded age.

7. Adolescence is a time of unrealism.

8. Adolescence is the threshold of adulthood.

Characteristics of Adolescence

• Height

• Weight

• Body Proportions

• Sex organs

• Secondary Sex Characteristics

Physical changes during adolescence (External Changes)

• Digestive System

• Circulatory System

• Respiratory System

• Endocrine System

• Body Tissue

Physical changes during adolescence (Internal Changes)

Storm and stress

Adolescence has been thought of as a period of ___________ - a time of heightened emotional tension resulting from the physical and glandular changes that are taking place.

Social adjustments

One of the most difficult developmental task of adolescence relates to ____________.

larger, loosely knit, smaller, thightly defined

The grouping of boys are _______ and are more ______________, while those of girls are _______ and more ___________.

specific, general

Adolescents are expected to replace _______ moral concepts of childhood with _______ principles.

Postconventional Morality

It is the third level of moral development which according to Kohlberg should be reached during adolescence.

abstract, concrete

During the adolescence, the individual’s moral outlook becomes progressively more ______ and less _______.

right, wrong

During adolescence, moral convictions become more concerned with what is ______ and less concerned with what is _____.

cognitive, egocentric

During adolescence, moral judgement becomes increasingly _______ and less _______.

Psychologically expensive

During adolescence, moral judgement becomes _______ in the sense that it takes an emotional toll and creates psychological tension.

1. Peer attitude

2. Parental attitude

3. Grades

4. The relevance or practical value of various cases

5. Attitudes towards teachers, administrators, and academic and disciplinary policies

6. Success in extra-curricular activities

7. Degree of social acceptance among classmates

Enumerate 5 factors influencing adoelescent attitudes toward education

both sides

When the relationships of young adolescents with members of their families deteriorate as adolescence progresses, the fault usually lies on ____________.

1. Mortality

2. Suicide

3. Physical Defects

4. Clumsiness and awkwardness

5. A sex-inappropriate body build

Physical Hazards of Adolescence

psychological transitions to maturity

The major psychological hazards of adolescence center around the failure to make the ______________________ that constitute the important developmental tasks of adolescence.

1. Poor foundation

2. Late maturing

3. Prolonged treatment as a children

4. Role Change

5. Prolonged dependency

Common obstacles to making transition to maturity during adolescence

Adulus

Means grown to full size and strenght or matured

Adult

Refers to individuals who have completed their growth and are ready to assume their status on society along with other adults.

1. Early adulthood

2. Middle adulthood(middle age)

3. Late adulthood(old age)

Subdivisions of adulthood

Early Adulthood

Extends from age eighteen to approximately age forty.

Early adulthood

period when the physical and psychological changes which accompany the beginning of the loss of reproductive capacity appear.

Middle Adulthood(middle age)

begins at forty and extends to age sixty.

Middle adulthood(middle age)

Period when both physical and psychological decline become apparent in the average person.

Late adulthood(old age)

senescence, 60 years above

1. The settling-down age

2. The reproductive age

3. A problem age

4. A period of emotional tension

5. A period of social isolation

6. A time of commitments

7. Often a period of dependency

8. A time of value change

9. The time of adjustment to a new lifestyles

10. A creative age

Characteristics of Early Adulthood

1. A dreaded period

2. A time of transition

3. A time of stress

4. A dangerous age

5. An awkward age

6. A time of achievement

7. A time of evaluation

8. Evaluated by a double standard

9. The time of the empty nest

10. A time of boredom

Charcteristics of Middle adulthood

1. A period of decline

2. Judged by different criteria

3. There are individual differences in the effects of aging

4. There are many stereotypes of old people

5. Social attitudes toward old age

6. The elderly have a minority group status

7. Aging requires role changes

8. Poor adjustment is characteristic of old age

Characteristics of Late Adulthood

• Affiliation needs

• Achievement needs

Two basic needs of adulthood

commitment to a partner by marriage

Most of these adults seek affiliation needs primarily through __________

passionate love, compassionate love

Psychologists generally agree that there are two kinds of love between woman and man, one stronger early in marriage and the other later. The first is ___________, the intense feeling of romance and excitement. The second ___________, the feeling of close relationship

Social convoy

Refers to a social network which includes relatives, friends and acquaintances and becomes valuable when individuals are beset with problems.

Family ties

It constitute the number one social convoy.

Friends

are an important part of the social convoy for individuals without strong family ties.

affiliation, achievement

In late adulthood, ________ needs are more important than _________ needs.

grandchildren

Having _________ is an important source of pride and gratification for many grandparents.

Burn out

Described as a stage in which one feels depleted of energy or enthusiasm.

Alienation

This happens when the workers feel that their work has become uninteresting or unimportant.

1. Honeymoon period

2. Nurturing period

3. Authority period

4. Interpretive period

5. Interdependent period

6. Departure period

7. Empty nest period

8. Retirement period

Stages of the Family Life Cycle (Berger, 1983)

pronatalist

The culture in the Philippines is decidedly __________, that is, in favor of birth.

1. Disengagement Theory

2. Activity Theory

3. Continuity and Discontinuity Theory

4. Diversity Theory

Theories of Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Disengagement Theory

the most controversial theory of development in old age. It explains that in old age the individual and society mutually withdraw from each other.

Activity Theory

The opposite of disengagement theory. The more activities older people engage in, and the more roles they participate in or play, the greater or better their life satisfaction.

Continuity Theory

In this theory, old age makes people neither more nor less engaged in life than they were, rather, older people are essentially the same in their approach to living as they were when they were younger.

Discontinuity Theory

This theory explains that in late adulthood, life events such as retirement, change of residence, failing health and death of a spouse may cause substantial discontinuity in personality and behavior.

Diversity Theory

The theory explains that the pattern of psychosocial development in late adulthood are at least as varied as in earlier periods.

fluid intelligence

John Horn affirms that the most important part of intelligence is __________ and that it slows down or declines throughout adulthood.

Dementia

Refers to a Pathological loss of intelectual functioning, does occur often with age.

Presenile Dementia

Kind of dementia that happens before age 60

Senile Dementia

Kind of Dementia that happens after age 60

Young Adulthood

The first signs of aging appear during _______________.

1. Wear and tear

2. Aging DNA

3. Molecular Aging

4. Decline of the immune system

5. Limit of cell reduction

Causes of aging process

1. Job Dissatisfaction

2. Unemployment

3. Adjustment to a mate

4. Competitiveness

5. Sexual Adjustments

6. Economic Status

7. Role Changes

8. Relationship with in-laws

9. Parenthood

Hazards of Early Adulthood

1. Failure to reach earlier goals

2. Decline in creativity

3. Boredom

4. Bigness

5. Feeling of being trapped

6. Unemployment

7. Unfavorable attitudes toward job

8. Role changes

9. Opposition to a child’s marriage

10. Inability to establish satisfactory relationship with a spouse as as person

11. Sexual adjustment

12. Caring for an aelderly parent

13. Loss of spouse

14. Remarriage

15. Acceptance of traditional beliefs

16. Idealization of youth

17. Role changes

18. Changing interests

19. Status symbols

20. Unrealistic aspirations

Hazards of Middle Adulthood

1. Preventing from working

2. Retirement

3. Sexual deprivation

4. Loneliness

5. Living arrangements

6. Role changes

7. Acceptance of cultural stereotypes

8. Effects of physical changes of aging

9. Changes in life pattern

10. Tendency to slip mentally

11. Feelings of guilt about idleness

12. Reduced income

13. Social disengagement

Hazards of Late Adulthood