Medical Terminology Review

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the respiratory, digestive, urinary, nervous, and endocrine systems in medical terminology.

ventilation

mechanical movement of air into and out of lungs

respiration

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism

hyperpnea

abnormal deep breathing

hypopnea

abnormally shallow breathing

bradypnea

abnormal slow breathing

tachypnea

fast breathing rate

dyspnea

difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.

halitosis

condition of having bad breath

atelectasis

collapse of part or all of a lung, leading to reduced gas exchange.

pneumoconiosis

lung disease caused by inhaling dust or irritants, leading to inflammation and scarring.

cystic fibrosis

a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, causing thick mucus production and obstructed airflow.

epiglottis

inflammation of epiglottis

lobectomy

surgical removal of a lobe of the lung.

pneumonectomy

surgical removal of an entire lung.

otorhinolaryngologist

a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats conditions of the ear, nose, and throat.

pyothorax

a condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity.

sinusitis

inflammation of the sinuses, often due to infection or allergies.

alveolo

air sac

broncho

airway

hemo

blood

laryngo

voice box

lobo

lobe

muco

mucus

oxi

oxygen

pharyngo

throat

phragmo

partition

pleuro

rib

pulmono

lung

pneumo

air

rhino

nose

septo

wall

sinuso

cavity

thoraco

chest

tracheo

trachea

atelo

incomplete

cacino

cancer

coccidioido

fungus

conio

dust

embolo

plug

fibro

fiber

glotto

opening into windpipe

myco

fungus or mold

dilato

to widen

jaundice

sign of liver disease/yellowing of sclerae

cleft lip

a congenital split or opening in the upper lip.

aphagia

refusal to swallow

dysphagia

difficulty in swallowing.

odynophagia

painful swallowing often caused by infections or inflammation.

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup.

nasogastric

tube inserted through the nose into the stomach for feeding or medication administration.

cheilitis

inflammation of the lips, often resulting in dryness and cracking.

cheilosis

a condition characterized by painful cracks and sores at the corners of the mouth, often associated with vitamin deficiencies.

glossodynia

a condition characterized by a burning sensation or pain in the tongue, often without an obvious cause.

sublingual

pertaining to the area beneath the tongue, often related to the administration of medications or the sublingual gland.

ascites

the buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity, often due to liver disease, heart failure, or cancer.

cirrhosis

a severe liver disease characterized by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue, often resulting from chronic alcohol abuse or hepatitis.

hepatoma

a type of liver cancer that arises from hepatocytes, often associated with chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis.

abdomino

abdomen

ano

anus

appendo

appendix

bili

bile

ceco

blind intestine

chole

bile

choledocho

common bile duct

colo

colon

cysto

bladder

dento

teeth

duodeno

twelve

entero

small intestine

esophago

esophaguss

gastro

stomach

gingivo

gums

glosso

tongue

hepato

liver

ileo

to roll

jejuno

empty

linguo

tongue

oro

mouth

pancreato

pancreas

pepso

digestion

peeritone

to stretch over

procto

rectum

pyloro

pulorus

recto

rectum

sialo

saliva

sigmo

sigmoid colon

stomato

mouth

fluxo

flow

halito

breath

phago

eat/swallow

steato

fat

adeno

gland

cheilo

lip

cholecysto

gallbladder

diverticulo

diverticulum

litho

stone

orexo

appetite

pareto

parotid gland

polyp

small growth

pyloro

pylorus