WVU EXPH 240: Endocrine & Blood and Lymphatic System

The system (and its hormones) that influence nearly every cell, organ, and organ system in the body

endocrine system

Hormone: Thyroid-stimulation hromone (TSH)

Function: stimulates secretion from thyroid gland

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Hormone: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Function: stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Hormone: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Function: initiates growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and spem production in males

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Hormone: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Function: affects skin pigmentation

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Hormone: Growth hormone (ADH)

Function: Influences growth

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Hormone: Prolactin (PRL)

Function: Stimulates breast development and milk secretion

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Hormone: Antidiuertic hormone (ADH)

Function: influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Hormone: Oxytocin (OXT)

Function: influences uterine contraction

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Hormone: melatonin

Function: involved with circadian rhythm

Pineal body

Hormone: serotonin

Function: constricts blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter

Pineal body

Hormone: Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4)

Function: regulate metabolism

Thryoid gland

Hormone: Calcitonin

Function: regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism

Thyroid gland

Hormone: parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Function: regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism

Parathyroid glands

Hormone: insulin, glucagon

Function: regulates carbohydrate/sugar metabolism

Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)

Hormone: Thymosin

Function: regulates immune response

Thymus gland

Hormone: Steriod hormones- glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens

Function: regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance; androgens affect male sex characteristics

Adrenal glands (supraenal glands)

Hormone: epinephrine, norepinephrine

Function: affect sympathetic nervous system in stress response

Adrenal glands (suprarenal glands)

Hormone: estrogen, progesterone

Function: responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of reproduction

Ovaries

Hormone: Testosterone

Function: affects masculinization and reproduction

Testes

aden/o

gland

adren/o

adrenal gland

adrenal/o

adrenal gland

andr/o

male

crin/o

to secrete

dips/o

thirst

gluc/o

glucose (sugar)

glucos/o

glucose (sugar)

glyc/o

glucose (sugar)

hormon/o

hormone (an urging on)

ket/o

ketone bodies

keton/o

ketone bodies

pancreat/o

pancreas

thym/o

thymus gland

thyr/o

thyroid gland (shield)

thyroid/o

thyroid gland (shield)

located on the superior surface of each kidney; the puter adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the inner adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; also called supradrenal glands

adrenal glands

located on the superior surface of each kidney; the puter adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the inner adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; also called adrenal glands

suprarenal glands

hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex

steroid hormones

hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have anti-inflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid

glucocorticoids

hormones that maintain salt and water balance

mineralocorticoid

hormones that influence development and maintenance of male sex characteristics, for example, facial hair, deep voice

androgens

hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response

catecholamines

hormone that is secreted in response to fear or physical injury; also called adrenaline

epinephrine

hormone that is secreted in response to fear or physical injury; also called epinephrine

adrenaline

hormone that is secreted in response to hypotension (low blood pressure) and physical stress

norepinephrine

located on both sides of the uterus in the female pelvis; secrete estrogen and progesterone

ovaries

hormone that is responsible for the development of female secondar sex characteristics

estrogen

hormone that regulates uterine conditions during pregnancy

progesterone

endocrine tissue within the pancreas (the organ located behind the stomach, in front of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae); secretes insulin and glucagon; also called pancreatic islets

islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose (insulin=island)

insulin

a hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans that regulates carbohydrate metabolism by raising blood sugar

glucagon

two paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck; secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)

parathyroid glands

hormone that regulates calcium and phosphrous metabolism

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

located in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin and serotonin

pineal gland

hormone that is involved with circadian rhythm (24-hour cycle); affects the onset of puberty

melatonin

hormone that constricts blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter

serotonin

located at the base of the brain; considered the master gland as it secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, ovariesm and testicles; the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocortiocotropic hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin; the posterior pituitary releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

pituitary gland

hypophysis

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called adenohypophysis

anterior pituitary

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called anterior pituitary

adenohypophysis

hormone that stimulates secretion from thyroid gland

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

hormone that stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

hormone that initiates the growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates the secretion of estrogen in females and the production of sperm in males

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

hormone that causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes

luteinizing hormone (LH)

hormone that affects skin pigmentation

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

hormone that influences growth

growth hormone (GH)

hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy; also called lactogenic hormone

prolactin (PRL)

hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy; also called prolactin

lactogenic hormone

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called neurohypophysis

posterior pituitary

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called posterior pituitary

neurohypophysis

hormone released by the posterior pituitary that influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules; also called vasopressin

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

hormone released by the posterior pituitary that influences the absorption of water by kiney tubules; also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

vasopressin (VP)

hormone released by the posterior pituitary that influences uterine contraction

oxytocin (OXT)

located on both sides within the scrotum in the male; secrete testosterone

testes

affects masculinization and reproduction

testosterone

located in the mediastinum (partition between the lungs) anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosin

thymus

hormone that regulates immune response

hymosin

located in front of the neck; secretes triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin

thyroid

thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but having greater potency; regulates metabolism

triiodothyronine (T3)

thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism

thyroxine (T4)

hormone that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism

calcitonin

protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball; also called exophyhalmus

exophthalmos

protusion of one or both eyeballs, often becuase of thyroid dysfunction or a tumpr behind the eyeball; also called exophthalmos

exophthalmus

glucose (sugar) in the urine; also called glycosuria

glucosuria

glucose (sugar) in the urine; also called glucosuria

glycosuria

shaggy; an excessive growth of hair, especially in unusual places (e.g., a woman with a beard)

hirsutism

an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood

hypercalcemia

an abnormally low level of calcium in the blood

hypocalcemia

an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood

hyperglycemia

an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

hypoglycemia

an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood (kalium= potassium)

hyperkalemia

deficient level of potassium in the blood

hypokalemia

abnormally increased secretion

hypersecretion

abnormally decreased secretion

hyposecretion

presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, such as in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation (keto=alter); also called ketoacidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

ketosis

presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, such as in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation (keto=alter); also called ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

ketoacidosis

presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, such as in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation (keto=alter); also called ketosis and ketoacidosis

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

all chemical processes in the body that result in growth, generation of energy, elimination of waste, and other body functions

metabolism

excessive thirst

polydipsia