africana studies exam

What policy did French colonial powers primarily implement in Africa?

Assimilation

Who was one of the most significant resistance leaders against French colonialism in West Africa?

Samory Touré

What was the name of the 1898 incident that almost led to war between Britain and France?

Fashoda Incident

According to the documents, which organization provided significant funding for Black Studies programs in 1969?

 Ford Foundation

What was the main contribution of linguists to African Studies?

 Analyzing cultural origins and migrations

According to the documents, what prompted European powers to seek African colonies?

Raw materials and economic competition

The triangular trade involved which three regions?

Europe, Africa, Americas

What significant change occurred in Meroë's culture around 500 BCE?

Their written language shifted away from Egyptian hieroglyphs

Which scholars challenged the idea that Africans lacked philosophical systems?

Placide Temples and John Mbiti

What was a key criticism of Western researchers by Kenyan sociologists?

 Their surveys lacked privacy and had translation errors

What civilization destroyed the Kingdom of Kush in the early 4th century CE?

 Axum

Who developed the theory that imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism?

V.I. Lenin

According to the documents, what percentage of Africa lies above 500 feet?

90%

Which religious leader issued papal bulls justifying African enslavement?

Pope Nicholas V

What was a major criticism of early African sociology?

It used European frameworks to analyze African societies

When was the African Studies Association (ASA) formed?

1957

What did Mohamad Kate and Es Sadi do in African history?

Recorded histories of African states

Which region developed an overland network for trade due to natural barriers?

Nubia

What was Margaret Walker Alexander's contribution at Jackson State College?

Founded the Institute for Black Studies

What term did some U.S. scholars coin to emphasize African-centered study?

 Africology

What distinguishes African Studies from other disciplines like history or anthropology?

It integrates multiple disciplines for a comprehensive study

Why was Africa largely ignored as a subject of academic study before the 1950s?

African history was believed to be insignificant

What was a primary reason for Western denial of Africa’s contributions to history?

African history was mostly oral and dismissed as invalid

Which historian famously argued that Africa had no history worth studying?

Arnold Toynbee

How did European colonialism contribute to the erasure of African history?

It destroyed African cultural artifacts

Why is African Studies considered different from the natural sciences?

Human behavior is unpredictable and cannot always be replicated

Which scholar validated oral traditions as credible historical sources?

Jan Vansina

What role did archaeology play in reshaping African history?

It provided physical evidence of Africa’s ancient contributions

Which medieval scholar documented the Ghana Empire?

Al Bakri

What was significant about Mohamad Kate and Es Sadi?

They documented African histories from an African perspective

What was a major criticism of early Africanist historians?

They focused too much on European perspectives

Which historian emphasized that African history should focus more on the lives of common people?

J.F. Ade Ajayi

What was a primary critique of early anthropologists studying Africa?

They portrayed African societies as primitive and static

Why was early African sociology criticized?

It used irrelevant Western theories

What was a major flaw in early political science approaches to Africa?

They dismissed the role of colonialism

Which scholar argued that African Marxists criticized bourgeois political scientists for class exploitation?

Samuel Huntington

What economic system did European colonial powers enforce in Africa?

Industrial capitalism

What was a major impact of colonial rule on African political structures?

Creation of artificial borders combining diverse ethnic groups

Which African leader successfully resisted colonial expansion for nearly 40 years?

Samori Touré

What was the role of Papal Bulls in justifying the transatlantic slave trade?

They granted permission to enslave non-Christians

Why did European settlers in the Americas turn to Africa for slave labor?

Indigenous populations had high mortality rates

What was the Middle Passage?

The forced journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic

What is Africology?

An African-centered approach to African Studies

How did African independence movements impact African Studies?

They led to the formal recognition of African Studies as a discipline

What was a key demand of student protests in the 1960s?

The establishment of Black Studies programs

Who is considered the father of African American Studies?

Carter G. Woodson

Why did some scholars criticize the ASA (African Studies Association)?

It was dominated by white, Anglo-Saxon scholars

What major factor limited African universities post-independence?

Lack of funding and political repression

Which approach in African Studies seeks to integrate political and economic analysis?

Political economy perspective

What was a major ideological conflict in African Studies?

Objectivity vs. Ideology