FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS - aqa alevel sociology paper 2

Brannen and Bhatti

Girls are under stricter parental control than their brothers.

Parsons

The nuclear family fits contemporary society better than extended families.

Palmer

Children’s dependency on technology leads to “toxic childhood syndrome” where children are being deprived of a proper childhood.

Cunningham

Parental authority has been undermined because children are getting pocket money or earning it through part-time work.

Ennew

Some children’s experiences of childhood are very different than those in the western world, from factors such as work, living conditions, and sexual exploitation.

Yearshire

On average, women experience 35 assaults before informing the police.

Statham and Owens

There are a disproportionate number of children of colour in care and on child protection registers.

Postman

The distinction between adults and children is weakening, with a merging of tastes, styles, and experiences.

Hillman

“One false move” study exploring how childhood is being extended due to parental concerns over safety.

Harkness

Women are more likely to take paid time off to look after sick children.

Wagg

Everyone’s experience of childhood is different as it is a social construct.

Gittins

Children today have different experiences of childhood depending on their class, age, gender or ethnicity.

Lawton

The removal of the compulsory retirement age of 65 has given older people the choice to work longer if they wish.

Stanko

Study focused on the victimisation experienced by women.

Townsend

Older people are perceived negatively through social construction as relying on low benefits and services, which may push them into poverty.

Dobash and Dobash

Violence against women is used to keep them in a state of submission.

Hirsch

Ageing population presents financial questions on how this period of older age will be funded; early retirement must be reneged.

Eriksen

Globalisation has impacted migration patterns, people’s movements are transient instead of permanently settling.

Edgell

The man makes most of the financial decisions for the family.

Cheal

Police are hesitant to become involved in domestic violence cases as the families are considered to be private.

Zaretsky

The family is a private place where workers can be valued as individuals.

Delphy and Leonard

The family acts as a safety valve.

Althusser

The family is an ideological state apparatus, passing down acceptance of the ruling class ideology and damping down social conflict.

Beck

Globalisation and migration have affected family dynamics.

Giddens

Personal fulfilment in relationships has grown in significance; “pure relationship” based on self-interest and emotional needs.

Donzelot

Social policies are regulating and controlling individuals and families.

Levin

People may choose to live in LATs because of existing responsibilities, practical reasons, or to avoid breakup; LATs are a new form of family that challenge the nuclear family.

Young and Willmott

Support the march of progress view where families are becoming less patriarchal and more symmetrical.

Margo

The access children have to advertising is transforming them into consumers who demand access to the adult world earlier.

Aries

Social construction of childhood was linked to industrialisation; in medieval times, children were viewed as little adults and as economic assets.

Bott

Change from segregated roles to joint roles has led to improved living standards, social mobility, and women’s rights.

Duncombe and Marsden

Women are putting in a triple shift with the dual burden and engaging in emotional work.

Pahl

Growing individualism in finances, with separate bank accounts, mostly in younger couples.

Pilcher

Age affects people’s identities and disadvantages them.

Bonke

Boys contribute less towards household chores than girls.

Punch

Children in rural Bolivia’s school attendance is impeded by factors such as work responsibilities.

Griffiths

Report into the use of resources within the NHS, introduction of management within the healthcare system.