Chapter 5 - African Resistance & Legacies of the Scramble for Africa

What were some reasons for African resistance to European colonization?

Protect land and culture, Defend sovereignty, Negotiate for better terms, Military resistance

What was the Zulu Wars?

A significant resistance movement in South Africa where the Zulu Kingdom, led by Shaka and Cetshwayo, fought against British forces.

What was the Maji Maji Rebellion?

An uprising in German East Africa where African warriors believed sacred water would protect them from bullets against German colonial rule.

What was the Mahdist Revolt?

A resistance led by the Mahdi in Sudan against British and Egyptian rule, symbolizing religious and military opposition.

Why did most African resistance movements struggle to succeed?

European powers had advanced weaponry, better organization, and more resources, overpowering African forces.

How did African resistance efforts influence future independence movements?

They inspired later generations and laid the groundwork for future struggles for self rule and freedom.

How did borders created during the Scramble for Africa cause conflicts?

Artificial borders divided ethnic groups and forced rival communities to coexist, leading to ethnic tensions.

What are some economic challenges faced by African nations due to colonization?

Economic dependency on Europe, Lack of investment in infrastructure, Limited local development

How did colonization disrupt African cultures?

European languages, religions, and customs were imposed, leading to the suppression of local traditions and erosion of cultural identity.

Who was Kwame Nkrumah?

A leader in Ghana who led the country to independence in 1957, symbolizing the struggle for freedom.

Who was Nelson Mandela?

A prominent figure in South Africa who fought against apartheid and became a symbol of the struggle for self rule.

What was the impact of colonial rule on African cultures?

Disruption of traditional practices, Introduction of foreign cultures, Loss of indigenous languages

How did colonial rule affect African languages?

Suppression of local languages, Promotion of colonial languages, Language shift in education

Who was a key leader in the African independence movements?

Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana), Julius Nyerere (Tanzania), Nelson Mandela (South Africa)

What role did Kwame Nkrumah play in ending colonial rule?

Led Ghana to independence in 1957, Advocated for pan, Africanism Promoted economic independence

What role did Nelson Mandela have in ending apartheid?

Fought against apartheid regime, Became South Africa's first Black president, Promoted reconciliation and unity