Social Studies Grade 7 Alberta (vocabulary & pictures)

settlement

Establishing settlers in a new region as a way to take control of it.

Ethnocentric

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

citizenship

Being a member of a country with rights, responsibilities, and duties.

pluralism

A condition in which several distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups are present and tolerated within a society.

Seven Years War

In May 1756 Britain declared war on France marking the official beginning of the seven years war between them.

James Wolfe

A top General at 30 years old. With Pitt's new generals Britain scored its first major victory capturing the fort at Louisbourg. Then they took Fort Duquesne. These and other victories led the Iroquois to join the British. Other victories set the stage to attack Quebec.

Treaty of Paris

After losing Quebec the French couldn't protect their other North American property so they lost Montreal. Britain and France made the Treaty of Paris. The French surrendered.

Consensus

agreement by everyone

Mercantilism

A regulated economic system that made a country rich from its colonies.

Governor

Represented the king, controlled the military, and looked after the defense of the colony. He also dealt with "external relations," such as trade with First Nations.

Intendant

The chief administrator of the colony. He worked to keep the colony in good order and to make it less dependent on France for meeting its basic needs. He also kept his eye out for new ways to exploit the colony for the benefit of France.

Bishop

He represented the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church played an important role in the colony. It provided moral guidance and founded schools, hospitals, and orphanages.

Habitants

farmers who lived on seigneuries; had to clear the land, plant crops, build a house, and give a few days' labour to the seigneur each year.

Seigneur

Landlords who received the land as grants from the King of France.

Seigneury

Large plots of land owned by seigneurs.

coureurs de bois

means "runner of the woods." The term comes from the way some men in New France engaged in the fur trade -by "running into the forest" to seek and trade with First Nations.

Voyageur

Means "traveller." They were men from New France who travelled between the fur merchants of Montréal and the fur trade posts of the Great Lakes and eventually further west.

Competition

The rivalry among sellers trying to achieve such goals as increasing profits.

Métis

Children that had First Nations mothers and French fathers.

Francophone

A person whose first language is French.

Canadien

A descendant of the settlers of New France.

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC)

British fur trading company started 1670

The North West Company (NWC)

French fur trade company

Colonization

The process of one country establishing domination over territory in another country or region.

Oath of allegiance

The oath that the British required of the Acadians.

Deportation

The process of forcing someone to leave a place, especially a country.

The Great Deportation

The removal of eleven thousand Acadians from Acadia by Britain, starting in 1755.

Elected Assembly

Representatives elected by voters. In British colonies, elected assemblies could advise, but not direct, the governors and councils appointed by Britain.

Treaty of Paris

The 1763 agreement between Britain and France that ended the Seven Years' War, in which France gave up nearly all its claims in North America in favour of Guadeloupe.

Loyalists

Colonists who remained loyal to the British during the American Revolution.

Representative government

Citizens elect representatives to an assembly and the assembly speaks for citizens.

Immigration

The process of people establishing homes and citizenship in a country that is not their native country.

Reserves

An area of land set aside by treaty (agreement) for the use of First Nations.

Assimilation

The process of becoming part of a different cultural group. (not your own)

Immigrant

A person intending to establish a home and citizenship in a country that is not their native country.

Democracy

A system of government in which citizens elect those who rule them.

Colonial government

A government established in a colony and controlled by an imperial power such as Britain.

Political deadlock

The inability to decide on a course of action because of disagreement among equally powerful decision-makers.

Tariffs

Taxes on imports or exports.

Representation by Population

(rep-by-pop)

A form of proportional representation in government; areas with higher populations have more elected officials in government.

Head tax

The fee that Chinese immigrants were required to pay after 1885 in order to enter Canada.

The Famous Five

Five Alberta women demanded recognition for women as "persons" in Canadian law.

suffrage

The right to vote in political elections.

Bilingualism

The ability to speak two languages.

Indigenous peoples

First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples.

Urbanization

An increase in the number of people living in cities and the expansion of cities into rural areas.

First Nations

A term that is used to describe Indigenous peoples of Canada who are ethnically NOT Métis or Inuit. The original people of the land.

imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

filles du roi

Daughters of the king; Women sent from Europe to marry colonists.

North-west mounted police (NWMP) (mounties)

The government established the northwest mounted police in 1873. The NWMP was both a police force and a paramilitary organization. It's first task was to drive out the whisky traders and regain control over the entire North West Territories.

Québec Act

In 1774 Britain passed a law that allowed Québec to keep the Catholic faith and gave the church more freedom. French was allowed as a language and French law was used in Québec.

National Policy

Policies put in place by the government of John A. MacDonald.

1. Tariffs to protect Canadian producers and products.

2. Building the railway to the Pacific.

3. Immigration policies aimed at populating Western Canada.

Royal Proclamation

Also called Treaty of Paris, signed in 1763. France gave up control of North American colony to England. French language and religion rights taken away. Land was given to Aboriginal people.

Council of Elders

Groups of respected people that chose and advised Mi'kmaq leaders.

Grand Council

A council for all seven districts of the Mi'kmaq Nation.

Wampum Belt

Shell beads woven into belts or strings used to record treaties and other agreements among different nations.

Clan Mothers

Female leaders of clans in Haudenosaunee society.

Great Law of Peace

The constitution of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy that guaranteed certain rights and freedoms including freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the rights of the individual and guided all aspects of governance and society.

Alliance

An agreement among a group of nations to act together to support each other's interests.

Pow-wow

A gathering of First Nations peoples to celebrate their cultures.

Coexistence

Two or more peoples of diverse cultures living together peacefully.

Immunity

The ability of the body to fight off infection.

epidemic

The infection of a large population by a disease.

Dowry

Money a woman brings to a marriage; an old custom.

Middleman

A go-between person; connects the buyer and seller.

Strategic position

A place whose physical location makes it important or valuable, often for military reasons.

prejudice

A negative generalization about a group of people based on uninformed judgments.

genocide

A policy to eliminate people of a particular cultural identity.

bilingual / officially bilingual

Having rights in law that establish equality between two languages.

The Maritimes

The Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island.

Decisive battle

A battle producing lasting change.

Retaliate

to get revenge

Tithe

A payment to support a church, usually based on one-tenth of a person's income.

Bicultural society

Giving official recognition to two cultures.

Revolution

An overthrow of a government or social system with another taking it's place.

Refugee

A person who seeks protection in another country to escape danger in their own country.

Lineage

ancestry or family line

Petition

To ask for something in a formal way.

Royal Commission

An official investigation established by the government. (the Crown)

Demographic change

A change in the characteristics of a population, such as rates of growth, birth, death and migration.

Reformers

Someone who seeks to change — to reform —established rules and arrangements in society.

Rebellion

A challenge to the authority of a recognized government.

Delegate

A representative who votes according to the preferences of his or her constituency.

Constitution

The official set of rules about how a country is governed.

Provisional government

A temporary government formed when no other authority can establish legitimate control.

Compromise

A course of action that balances the conflicting priorities of many groups or stakeholders.

Collective Identity

The shared identity of a group of people, especially because of a common language and culture.

Biculturalism

When an individual identifies equally with two or more cultures.

Strategic Position

A place whose physical location makes it important or valuable, often for military reasons.

Maneuver

to steer

Sponsor

A person or organization that contributes to a project or activity by paying for it.

Scurvy

A disease resulting from lack of Vitamin C that causes internal bleeding.

Smallpox

A disease that causes the skin to break out, accompanied by a high fever.

Human Rights

every person has these

Settlement

A place where people live permanently, such as a village.

Monopoly

The complete control of a resource by a single country.

Charter

A set of rules and privileges granted to a company by a king or queen.

Epidemic

The infection of a large population by disease.

Pemmican

A food made from dried meat, pounded and mixed with berries and fats.