Biology Natural Selection

List forms of evidence of natural selection

Fossils, homologous structures, and DNA

Overtime, apart on different islands with different food sources, the separated pops of Finches accumulated..

Speciation

Gene flows happens when

species migrate

What did Darwin observe about fossils?

Some fossils similar to living organisms while others are not

The process which two populations of a species adapt to its own separate geological location?

speciation

The process by which a population become better suited to its environment is....

adaptation

A type of reproductive isolation that may begin with two frogs having different mating calls.

behavioral adaptation

A type of reproductive isolation that may begin with a mountain range formation separating populations of a species.

Geographic isolation

A type of reproductive isolation that may begin with two frogs having different mating seasons

Temporal isolation

According to Darwin, evolution occurs...

over long periods of time due to natural selection

Is bird wings with dragonfly wings a homologous or analogous structure?

Analogous

This process called the loss of all dinosaurs and other ancient organisms.

Mass extinction

Artificial has been used by humans to..

speed up evolution for desired traits

Which scientist believed that Organisms could change a trait about their body and pass it on to their offsprings?

Jean Baptist Lamarck

These structures are similar because they originated from a common ancestor.

Homologous

A heritable change in a species over time is known as..

evolution

Since natural resources are limited, all organisms...

must compete for resources (Struggle for existence)

A species that is formed gradually over time is known as..

gradualism

Fossils are...

evidence of evolution and preserved remains of an organism

Who proposed the idea of "Inheritance of Acquired Traits"?

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Where did Charles Darwin travel to that sparked his theory of natural selection?

The Galapagos Islands

Is a snake pelvis or a dolphin fin a vestigial structure?

The dolphin fin

Features that have similar functions, but did NOT develop from a common ancestor:

analogous

It is unlikely that the population of the human population will give rise to a new species because...

modern medicine prevents natural selection

If members of a species did not vary, what would happen?

Natural selection wouldn't occur

Describe reproductive advantage..

Some organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce

Who decided that the enviroment had something to do with why organisms changed?
Darwin, Lamarck, or Both?

both

Who decided that parents are able to pass on at least some of their traits to their offsprings?
Darwin, Lamarck, or Both

both

If an organism has a low fitness level, what does this mean?

They struggle with surviving and reproducing

What was the name of the ship that CHarles Darwin traveled on?

The HMS Beagle

Whose idea was that there was variation in population?

Charles Darwin

What is an adaptation

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Who was the philospher who catagorized the world based on complexity?

Aristotle

Who is Charles Darwin?

The father of evolution

Lions can have sharp or dull teeth. Which principle of natural selection does this represent?

variation

Humans select traits in organisms that they prefer. This is best described as....

artificial selection

Whose idea was it that organisms change over time?
Darwin, Lamarck, or both

both

Shark, dolphin, and penguin limbs are best described as...

analogous structures

Who decided that certain traits helped organisms survive and reproduce with better than organisms without those traits?
Darwin, Lamarck, or both

Darwin

A structure that is still present in an organism but is no longer used for is known as what?

vestigial structure

Whose idea was it that organisms are still changing?
Darwin, Lamarck, or both

both

Whose idea was it that organisms changed because they wanted to survive?
Darwin, Lamarck, or both

Lamarck

Who observed that babies being born faster than people dying and population size is limited by resources such as food supply?

Thomas Malthus

all of the alleles in a population

gene pool

model of evolution in which periods of rapid change in species are separated by periods of little or no change

punctuated equilibrium

according to endosymbiotic theory, which type of cell came first?

prokaryotic

Who said organisms can never become extinct?
Darwin, Lamarck, or both

Lamarck

Ture or false, individuals undergo speciation

false

A phenotype that improves an organisms chance of survival in their environment is considered a(n)____________.

adaptation

Which organism has hair and amniotic eggs but does not have an egg with a shell?

primates

A flood drowns a large portion of an insect population, with only a few random individuals surviving. This is an example of..

genetic drift

genetic drift is change in the allele frequency of a population due to ......

random chance

Mutations are important because they bring about______

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

this mechanism of evolution occurs when population migrate

gene flow

what is another name for natural selection?

survival of the fittest

The theory of endosymbiosis explains:

the origin of eukaryotes

Who said parents can only pass on traits they were born with?
Darwin, Lamarck, or both

darwin

Structures that have similar structures and evolved from a common ancestor are known as...

homologous structures

Structures that are similar in structure, function and characteristics.

homologous structures

structures that no longer function/serve a purpose

vestigial structures

Homologous body structures show related structures that are inherited from a ___________

a common ancestor

Natural Selection Acts on ___________ not _________

populations not individuals

Natural Selection can be observed as changes in 4 things...

Body Structures
Ecological Niches
Habitats
Behaviors

What is reproductive isolation?

when populations cant breed due to geographic separation

who Created binomial nomenclature

Carolus Linnaeus

A geologist who proposed the theory of Uniformitarianism

Charles Lyell

An economist who studied population growth, lead to discoveries in natural selection

Thomas Malthus

credited with helping put evolution on the map and with acknowledging that the environment plays a role in shaping the species that live in it.

Lamarck

The accumulation of differences between species or populations

divergence

The inability of formerly interbreeding groups to mate.

speciation

The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs in periods of rapid
change separated by periods of little change.

punctuated equilibrium

Members of the same species that differ genetically because they have adapted to different living conditions

subspecies

Man's domestication of dogs and creation of dog varying dog breeds is an example of this

artificial selection

This man created the Law of Use and Disuse

lamarck

When one species is able to resemble another

mimicry

The hypothesis that evolution of different species occurs as a slow constant rate.

gradualism

What can cause genetic changes?

Mutations,
reproductive isolation,
gradualism,
adaptations,
environmental changes,
chemicals

the preserved remains of plants and animals whose bodies were buried in sediments, such as sand and mud, under ancient seas, lakes and rivers.

fossils

A group of the same organism that occupies a specific area in a specific time.

population

Slang term that describes how organisms that possess the best traits or adaptations for a particular environment are the ones that will successfully pass down their traits to their offspring.

"survival of the fittest"

The more _____ in 2 groups, the more distantly related the organisms are.

derived characters

What animals did Charles Darwin observe that helped lead him to his theory of evolution- and what did he notice about these animals?

finches beaks or tortoise shells

What are the 5 proofs of evolution we discussed in class?

Embryonic development
Microevolution
Body structures
Biological molecules
Fossil recor