Unit 2 Part 2 AP Psych Vocabulary: States of Consciousness

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Circadian Rhythms

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Vocab regarding unit 2 of AP Psychology, takes a look at sleep and it's functions.

21 Terms

1

Circadian Rhythms

Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

For example: Of temperatures and wakefulness

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2

REM Sleep

Rapid Eye Movement sleep; A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur

  • Paradoxical sleep, muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

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3

NREM Sleep

Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

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4

Hypnogogic Sensations

Bizarre experiences, such as jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly, while transitioning to sleep

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5

EEG Pattern: Alpha Waves

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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6

EEG Pattern: Delta Waves

The large, slow brain waves associated with the deep sleep of NREM-3

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7

Sleep Cycle

Consists of multiple stages: Light sleep (NREM Stage 1), Moderate sleep (NREM Stage 2), Deep Sleep (NREM Stage 3) and REM sleep

  • Repeats several times throughout the night, every 90 to 110 minutes

  • Duration of REM sleep increases while deep sleep decreases

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8

Melatonin

Hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain that help regulate sleep-wake cycles

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9

Jet Lag

Temporary sleep disorder that occurs when a persons internal body clock is out of sync with the time zone they are in after traveling across multiple time zones

  • Affects circadian rhythms

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10

Ghrelin

Hormone produced mainly through stomach that stimulates appetite and promotes food intake

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11

Leptin

Hormones produced by adipose (fat) tissue that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger

  • Signals brain to reduce appetite/food intake

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12

Cortisol

Steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress and low blood glucose levels

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13

Insomnia

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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14

Narcolepsy

Sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

  • May lapse directly into REM sleep

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15

Sleep Apnea

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

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16

Somnambulism (Sleepwalking)

Disorder characterized by episodes of walking or performing other complex behaviors while in a state of sleep

  • Typically occurs during the NREM stages of sleep, usually the first third of the night

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17

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Neurobiological explanation of dreaming that posits that dreams are created when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep

  • Electrical impulses synthesized into a narrative or story

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18

Sleep across the lifespan

Refers to the changes in sleep patterns, duration and quality that occur from infancy through old age

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19

REM Rebound

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

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20

Consolidation Theory

Sleep is useful for organizing and consolidating memories or restoring depleted resources used throughout a given day

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21

Consciousness

Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

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