Mentor - Cinderella (AP Lit)

Mentor

a trusted counselor or guide; from Mentor, a friend of Odysseus' son, who was entrusted with his education

Mercurial

adj., suddenly cranky or changeable; Roman Mythology, of or relating to the god Mercury

Mercury/Hermes

a carrier or tidings, a newsboy, a messenger; messenger of the gods, conductor of souls to the lower world, and god of eloquence; the fabled inventor, wore winged hat and sandals

Mnemonics

a device used to aid memory; the personification of memory, Mnemosyne., who gave birth to the nine Muses, who supposedly gave good memory in story telling.

Morphine

a bitter white, crystalline alkaloid used to relieve pain and induce sleep; Morpheus was a god that could easily change form or shape

Muse

some creature of inspiration ; the daughters of Mnemosyne and Zeus, divine singers that presided over thought in all its forms

Narcissism

being in love with our own self-image;named for Narcissus, a handsome young man who despised love. Echo, a nymph who was in love with him,was rejected and decreed, "Let he who loves not others,love himself." Hearing this, he fell in love with his image,while gazing in a pond, and drowned himself trying to capture it.

Nemesis

just punishment, one who inflicts due punishment; goddess who punishes crime; but more often she is the power charged with curbing all excess, such as excessive good fortune or arrogant p ride.

Neptune

the sea personified; the Roman god associated with Poseidon, god of the water and oceans.

Niobe

mournful woman; from Niobe, whose children were slain by Apollo and Artemis because of her bragging; the gods pitied her and turned her into a rock that was always wet from weeping

Odyssey

a long journey; named for Odysseus, the character in The Odyssey, by Homer. Odysseus makes his long journey back from the Trojan War, encountering several obstacles along the way.

Olympian

majestic in manner, superior to mundane affairs; any participant in the ancient or modern Olympic games; named after 12 gods that were supposed to reside on Mt. Olympus.

Paean

a song of joy; a ritual epithet of Apollo the healer. In Homeric poems, an independent god of healing named Paean or Paeon, who took care of Hades when the latter was wounded.

Pandora’s Box

Something that opens the door for bad occurrences, opened by someone known for curiosity; named for Pandora who was the first mortal, sent by Zeus, to punish man for Prometheus’ theft of fire. For her curiosity in opening the box, Zeus gave her all human ills in the world leaving only hope at the bottom. (Rossetti’s Pandora’s Box).

Parnassus

Mountain was sacred to arts and literature; any center of poetic or artistic activity; .poetry or poets collectively, a common title for selection of poetry; named after the hero of Mt. Parnassus, the son of Poseidon and a Nymph. He founded the oracle of Python, which was later occupied by Apollo.

Pegasus

Poetic inspiration; named after a winged horse which sprang from the blood of Medusa at her death; a stamp of his hoof caused Hippocrene, the fountain of the Muses, to issue poetic inspiration from Mount Helicon.

Phoenix

a symbol of immortality or rebirth; named after the Egyptian Mythology phoenix, a long bird which lived in the Arabian desert and then consumed itself in fire, rising renewed from the flame to start another long life.

Plutocracy

a government by the wealthy; named after Pluton, the "Rich Man," a ritual tile of Hades. He was originally the god of the fields because the ground was the source of all wealth, ores and jewels.

Promethean

life-bringing, creative, or courageously original; named after a Titan who brought man the use of fire, which he had stolen from heaven for their benefit.

Protean

taking many forms, versatile; named after Proteus, a god of the sea, charged with tending the flocks of the sea creatures belonging to Poseidon. He had the ability to change himself into whatever form he desired, using this power particularly when he wanted to elude those asking him questions.

Psyche

the human soul, self, the mind; named after Psyche, a maiden who, after undergoing many hardships due to Aphrodite’s jealousy, reunited with Cupid and was made immortal by Jupiter; she personifies the soul joined to the heart of love.

Pygmalion

someone (usually a male) who tries to fashion someone into the person he desires; from a myth adapted into a play by George Bernard Shaw; a woman-hating sculptor who makes a female figure of ivory who Aphrodite brings to life for him.

Pyrrhic victory

adj.; a too costly victory; from Pyrrhus, a Greek king who defeated the Romans in 279 BC, but suffered extremely heavy losses in the fight

Saturnalia

a period of unrestrained revelry; named after the ancient Roman festival of Saturn, with general feasting in revelry in honor of the winter solstice.

Saturnine

sluggish, gloomy, morose, inactive in winter months; named after the god Saturn, often associated with the god of the Underworld. (Left; Rubens’ Saturn)

Sibyl

a witch or sorceress; a priestess who made known the oracles of Apollo and possessed the gift of prophecy.

Sisyphean

greedy and avaricious; from the shrewd and greedy king of Corinth, Sisyphus, who was doomed forever in Hades to roll uphill a heavy stone, which always rolled down again.

Stentorian

having a loud voice; after Stentor, a character in the Iliad who could shout as loudly as 50 men. He engaged in a shouting match against Hermes and was put to death after losing.

Stygian

dark and gloomy; named after the river Styx, a river in the Underworld. The water is poisonous for human and cattle and said to break iron, metal and pottery, though it is said a horse's hoof is unharmed by it.

Tantalize

from King Tantalus, who reigned on Mt. Sipylus and was condemned to reside in a beautiful river with sumptuous fruits just out of reach and the water undrinkable, always tempting him as punishment for excessive pride (he boiled his son and fed the broth to trick the gods).

Terpsichorean

pertaining to dance; for Terpsichore, one of the nine muses, sometimes said to be the mother of the sirens and the protector of dance.

Titanic

large, grand, enormous; after Tityus, a giant, the son of Zeus and Elara. His body covers over two acres. Or after the Titans, the offspring of Chronus and Rhea, who went to war against Zeus and the other Olympian gods.

Volcanoes

originated from Vulcan, the Roman god of fire, whose forge is said to be under mountains

Vulcanize

to treat rubber with sulfur to increase strength and elasticity ; from the Roman God of Fore and Metallurgy, Vulcan/Hephaestus

Zeus

a powerful man; king of the gods, ruler of Mt. Olympus, vengeful hurler of thunderbolts

Babbitt

a self-satisfied person concerned chiefly with business and middle-class ideals like material success; a member of the American working class whose unthinking attachment to its business and social ideals is such to make him a model of narrow-mindedness and self-satisfaction ; after George F. Babbitt, the main character in the novel Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis

Brobdingnagian

gigantic, enormous, on a large scale, enlarged ; after Brobdingnag, the land of giants visited by Gulliver in Gulliver’s Travels, by Jonathan Swift

Bumble

to speak or behave clumsily or faltering, to make a humming or droning sound; Middle English bomblem; a clumsy religious figure (a beadle) in a work of literature

Cinderella

one who gains affluence or recognition after obscurity and neglect, a person or thing whose beauty or worth remains unrecognized; after the fairy-tale heroine who escapes form a life of drudgery through the intervention of a fairy godmother and marries a handsome prince