Methods of Psychology

assent

assent

affirmation permission to take place in a study

acquiescent response bias

tendency to agree or say yes despite opinion

response bias

people feel they are expected to answer a certain way which leads to inaccuracy

socially desirable bias

respond in a way to be seen as acceptable to others

volunteer bias

only certain people are likely to volunteer

confederate

researcher posing as a participant

confounding variable

influence variables we are measuring therefore influencing correlation coefficient

ecological validity

discoveries can be generalized to the real world

beneficence/non-maleficence

strive to do good and reduce harm

fidelity/responsibility

develop trusting relationships between researcher and participant

integrity

accurate, honest, non-biased practices

justice

participants ultimately benefit from the findings of the study

rights/dignity

protect participants rights to privacy and welfare

H.M

hippocampus was removed, cannot form new memories, case study

illusory superiority

describe our own behaviours as better than average

institutional review board

review and assess if a research project will be carried out ethically

naturalistic observations

observe behaviour without manipulation in subjects natural environment

participant observation

researcher becomes apart of the group being studied

procedural memories

pertain to motor skills

Rosenhan

normal people faked being insane, their normal behaviour in the psych ward was seen as confirming their insanity, shows false positive

semantic memories

specific facts, not based on personal experience

wording effect

language influences participants response

external validity

does it apply to the real world

internal validity

control factors that create bias in the experiment