Rad Tech - Mometrix

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285 Terms

1
What you need before performing radiographic procedure
Formal request from doctor
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2
Civil Liability of a Radiographer
The ethical and legal responsibility to do their job in an accurate and professional manner
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3
Defamation
Exposing a person to pubic ridicule
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Slander
Oral statements that damage someone’s reputation
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Libel
Written statement that harms and individual’s character, name, or reputation
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Invasion of Privacy
Unsolicited or unauthorized exposure of patient information
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Malpractice
Professional misconduct, resulting in failure to provide due care
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Fraud
Intentional dishonesty
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9
Assault and battery
Declaring intent to touch inappropriately or cause bodily harm and the act of doing so
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10
Negligence
taking an unreasonable, careless action that could cause harm
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11
Statute of Limitation
A law defining the maximum period the complainant can wait before filing a lawsuit
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12
Assumption of Risk
A defense against the accusation of negligence.
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13
Arbitration Agreement
The patient agrees to give up the right to sue the doctor
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14
Parts of negligent behavior
duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages
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Beneficence
the ethical principle that involves performing actions that are for the purpose of benefitting another person.
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Nonmalificence
the ethical principle that means healthcare workers should provide care in a manner that does not cause intentional harm to the patient
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DNR
Do not resuscitate
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NPO
nothing by mouth
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STAT
immediately
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ASAP
as soon as possible
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HIPPA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 1996
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Informed Consent
a patient giving a provider permission to perform a specific medical procedure
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Exceptions to informed consent
emergencies, emotional distress, legal incompetence, minor age status
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Needed before inpatient procedure
patient consent, date of any previous procedures, labs and relevant results, medications
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Needed before outpatient procedure
pregnancy information, patient preparation, medications, length of sx
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26
10 Principles of ASRT code of ethics

1. Act in a professional manner
2. Respect the dignity of everyone
3. Deliver healthcare without discrimination
4. Be a competent technician
5. Make decisions that take into consideration patient’s needs
6. Diagnosis and interpretation are not your job or responsibility
7. Be aware of and practice current technical and safety procedures
8. Practice ethical behavior that provides quality care
9. Respect patient privacy and confidentiality
10. Be involved in continuing education
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Different types of restraints
Emotional, Environmental, Physical, Chemical
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28
Good Samaritan Act
A first aider who provides unpaid assistance and acts reasonable is protected by states law from unfair prosecution for death, disability, or disfigurement. An organ donor is blameless for complications the recipient suffers.
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Duty of Care
One must act as “a reasonable man” and meet the standard of care to avoid negligence charges
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Subpoena
A legal writ requiring a person to come to court, testify, or provide documents
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Res ipsa loquitur
The principle of law that allows the use of circumstantial evidence as proof
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Locum tenens
Allows one medical professional to serve temporarily in place of another
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Deposition
A sworn out of court witness statement taken under oath
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Stare decisis
Court decisions should be guided by precedent
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Respondeat Superior
The master is liable for the wrong of a servant
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Subpoena duces tecum
a court order for a witness to produce documents. Health care professionals must report gunshot wounds, terrorist incidents, suspected or known abuse of child, senior, or disabled persons, etc
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TQI
Total Quality Improvement
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TQM
Total Quality Management
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Asian Population Consideration
  1. Patient or families may not question doctor or nurse

  2. Disagreeing is considered impolite.

  3. May avoid eye contact as an indication of respect

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40
Hispanic Population Considerations
  1. May like a nurse to arrange for a priest to visit

  2. Large extended families may come to visit

  3. Language barriers may exist

  4. Family may react strongly to news

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Middle Eastern Population Considerations
  1. May practice strict dietary restrictions

  2. May have language barriers - use same sex translators if possible

  3. Patient care should be directed toward female family members

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Cultural Competence
appreciating diversity, assessing own cultural perspective, understanding intercultural dynamics, recognizing institutional culture, adapting patient service to diversity
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43
Basic Blood standards for Jehovah’s Witnesses
Not Acceptable: whole blood

Acceptable: Fractions from whole blood
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44
Ultrasound
creates an image by recording the echo of sound waves as they bounce of the anatomy to which they are applied
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Mammogram
Uses compression and low doses of radiation to image breast tissue and detect breast cancer
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4 Communication Techniques
use active listening, watch for nonverbal cues, ask open-ended questions, consider influences
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CT
computed tomography, uses high specific application of radiation and computer analysis to get a high detailed, three dimensional image
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MRI
magnetic resonance imaging, uses magnetic fields and computer software to produce an image
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49
distractions
Internal and external factors that disrupt the communication cycle
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50
Signs and sx of shock
Hypotenstion, tachycardia, cool skin, increased respiration, anxiety, thirst
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Hypovolemic Shock
Low blood volume as a result of vomiting, diarhhea, hemorrhage
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Systemic Shock
Collapse of circulatory system as a result of intense infection
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Neurogenic Shock
Failure of arterial resistance due to head/spinal injury or neurotransmitter failure
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Cardiogenic Shock
Failure of the heart to pump due to pulmonary emboli, myocardial infarction, or pericardial edema
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Anaphylactic Shock
Severe allergic reaction due to substances that the body has not be sensitized to
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Syncope
Emotional response due to fear, pain, or any severely unpleasant event
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Medical Asepsis
Cleanliness practices in a non-sterile environment
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Surgical Asepsis
Sterile objects stay sterile when touching other sterile objects
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Portal of Entry
In the cycle of infection, the fourth step where the microorganism exits the reservoir host and enters susceptible host through a portal of entry
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Disinfectant
Used to kill possible pathogens
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Antiseptics
Chemical compounds that inhibit or prevent the growth of microorganisms
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Susceptible Host
an individual that is unable to fight off an infection
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Fomite
any inanimate object that can spread a pathogen from one person to other
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Portal of Exit
Second step of cycle of infection, the reservoir host provides a portal of exit
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Circle of Infection
  1. Infectious Agent

  2. Reservoir

  3. Portal of Exit

  4. Mode of Transmission

  5. Portal of Entry

  6. Susceptible Host

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Reservoir
Living host that has the proper nourishment for the pathogen to survive
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Nosocomial Infection
Hospital acquired illness not resulting from original reason for the patient to be admitted
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OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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SDS
Safety Data Sheets
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70
Adverse reactions to contrast
Most commonly nausea and pharyngeal discomfort
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Emergency medications
Benadryl, epinephrine, albuterol, and atropine
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Order for Multiple Procedures
  1. Intravenous pyelogram

  2. Gallbladder study

  3. Barium enema

  4. Upper Gastrointestinal study

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Premedicating
Administering medications before contrast is administered to reduce the likelihood of an adverse reaction
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Layers of an artery
  1. Tunica Intima

  2. Tunica Media

  3. Tunica Adventitia

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Lumen
Hollow area within a blood vessel
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Valve
Tissue flaps inside a vein or the heart that prevent backward flow of blood
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs
internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, suprascapular, subscapular, thoracodorsal, deep brachial, ulnar collateral
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Single Head Power Injector
Allows technologists to inject radiographic contrast via an angiocatheter
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Dual Head Power Injectors
Like single head, but also contain an additional head containing saline that is useful to flush after the contrast injection.
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80
Contrast Media
used in radiography to increase the contrast of certain tissues and anatomy that do not naturally have adequate contrast on the radiographic image
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81
Pair Production Interactions
High energy interactions occurring at energy levels of 1.02 to 10 MeV. In this, a photon has enough energy to enter an atom and interact with the nucleus causing the photon to split into two parts, a positron and a negatron.
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82
Beta Decay
A radioactive decay process in which an unstable atom emits a beta particle in order to achieve stability.
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Attenuation
the reduction in the intensity of radiation when it passes through matter, whereupon that radiation is absorbed and scatter
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Attenuator
the material or device used to reduce the intensity of x-ray or ultrasound
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Attenuation profile
the result of the CT process that defines the attenuation properties of individual ray sums as they relate to the position of the ray
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86
Attenuation coefficient
the numerical expression of a decrease in intensity that includes a penetration into matter.
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Radioactive Decay
the result of the random collapse of radioactive isotopes that takes place within a nucleus that is considered to be unstable
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Biological Half-Life
the amount of time it takes the body to eliminate half of the quantity of any substance, not just radioactivity
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Half-Life
the amount of time necessary for radioactive material to decay to half of its original intensity
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Half-Value layer
the amount of barrier material necessary to reduce the intensity of radiation by half
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Alpha Decay
a radioactive decay process in which the unstable atom emits an alpha particle in order to achieve stability
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92
Scatter Radiation
the changing of the direction of the x-ray beams without a subsequent loss of energy
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93
Basic Properties of X-Ray Photons
  • move in wavelike motion

  • travel in a straight line at the speed of light

  • cannot be detected by the senses

  • high energized

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94
Photoelectric interactions
a photon enters an atom and interacts with an inner shell electron
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95
magnetism
the force that either attracts or repels materials as a result of the force field that is created by the movement of charged particles
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Compton Interactions
a photon enters an atom and interacts with an electron in the outer orbital of an atom
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Photoelectric effect
phenomenon in which electrically charged particles are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation
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ionizing radiation
 a form of energy that acts by removing electrons from atoms and molecules of materials that include air, water, and living tissue
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Inverse Square Law
the intensity of the radiation goes down by the square of the distance from the source.
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Tungsten
The metal used for the target material in the x-ray tube
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