A&P1 Finals Review

Histology

The study of tissues

Cephalic

Pertaining to the head

Gluteal

Pertaining to the buttocks

Patellar

Kneecap

Thoracic

Pertaining to the chest

Brachial

Pertaining to the arm

Thoracic Cavity

Cavity housing lungs and heart

Cranial Cavity

Cavity housing the brain

Abdominal Cavity

Cavity that houses the stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

Vertebral Cavity

Cavity housing the spinal cord

Cation

A positively charged ion

Pinocytosis

Cell drinking

Phagocytosis

Cell eating

Collagen

Tissue fiber that gives connective tissue great tensile strength

Osteoblast

What is the primary blast cell for bone?

Serous

Type of membrane that lines the CLOSED ventral cavities of the body

Serous

The abdominal cavity is lined by _____ membrane

Mucous

Type of membrane that lines the body cavities OPEN to the exterior membrane

Mucous

Type of membrane that also lines the digestive and respiratory tracts

Mucous

The nasal cavity is lined by the ______ membrane

Endothelium

Type of membrane that lines the blood vessels and the heart

Cutaneous

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Jaundice

Skin condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin due to a buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream

Liver

Jaundice is often a sign of _ complications

Cyanosis

Skin condition characterized by the bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin

Oxygen

Cyanosis is often a sign of low ______ levels

Erythema

Skin condition characterized by the redness of the skin

Pallor

Skin condition characterized by the unusual paleness of the skin

Anemia

Pallor is often a sign of

Skin Cancer

Overexposure to UV radiation is the biggest risk factor for

Melanoma

What is the most dangerous skin cancer which is highly metastatic?

Epidermis

Which layer of the dermis is this?

Reticular

Which layer of the dermis is this?

Papillary

Which layer of the dermis is this?

Compact

Type of bone tissue that can support weight and withstand torsion stress

Adipocytes

What does yellow bone marrow contain?

Fat Cells

What are adipocytes?

Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

Epiphysis

What is this bone structure?

Diaphysis

What is this bone structure?

Compact Bone

What is this bone structure?

Compact Bone

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone

Yellow Bone Marrow

What is this bone structure?

Epiphyseal Line

What is this bone structure?

Compact Bone

Type of bone structure that provide strength and structural support to the body, acting as a rigid foundation for muscles and protecting internal organs

Yellow Bone Marrow

Bone structure that stores fat and stem cells, which can produce fat, cartilage, or bone cells

Epiphyseal Line

Bone structure that facilitates the longitudinal growth of long bones during childhood and adolescence

Epiphyseal Line

Growth plate

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

Circumduction

Circular movement of a limb at the distal end

Hyperextension

The extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

Plantar Flexion

Bends the foot downward at the ankle

Muscle

Most distinguished type of tissue that can transform chemical energy into mechanical energy to move the body

Creatine Phosphate

An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from ______ ______ can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.

Muscle Contraction

What is cross bridging also known as?

Cross Bridges

Myosin ______ ______ and attaches to actin for muscle contraction

Myosin

______ cross bridges and attaches to actin for muscle contraction

Actin

Myosin cross bridges and attaches to ______ for muscle contraction

Muscle Contraction

Myosin cross bridges and attaches to actin

Rigor Mortis

The stiffening of the body after death

Lactic Acid

Chemical produced as a byproduct of cellular metabolism, especially during intense exercise or when there's a low oxygen supply

Lactic Acid

What does pyruvic acid get converted into?

Insertion

The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone

Origin

The attachment of a muscle to the proximal end of a bone and does not move during contraction

Fascicle

Bundle of muscle fibers

Sarcomere

What is the smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber?

Epimysium

CT sheath that surrounds the entire muscle

Perimysium

CT sheath that surrounds each fascicle

Endomysium

CT sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber

Corpus Callosum

A broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain.

Broca's Area

Area of the brain responsible for speech

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction

Central

The ______ nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord

Sympathetic Division

A branch of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats.

Parasympathetic Division

A branch of the autonomic nervous system that maintains normal body functions; it calms the body to conserves energy.

Hypothalamus

A neural structure that directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

Alkaloids

What molecule is bitter taste elicited by?

Cochlea

Where are the hearing receptors located in?

Olfactory Receptor Cells

Neurons responsible for smell and are replaced throughout adult life

Auricle

External portion of the ear

Tympanic Membrane

The eardrum

Cochlea

A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Stapes

Stirrup

Semicircular Canals

Three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement

Sclera

What is letter K?

Sclera

Which structure of the eye is considered the "whites" of the eye?

Fovea Centralis

What is letter O?

Fovea Centralis

Which structure of the eye contains only CONES?

Optic Disc

What is letter Q?

Optic Disc

Which structure of the eye is considered the "blind spot"?

Iris

What is letter E?

Iris

Which structure of the eye is considered the "colored" parts of the eye?

Cornea

What is letter D?

Cornea

What is the only tissue that can be transplanted without rejection?

Ciliary Body

What is letter B?

Ciliary Body

Which structure of the eye controls the lens shape?

Posterior Segment

What is letter J?