Roman Culture final exam

(Exam 1) The Romans describe the origins of their city by connecting a local tradition about Romulus and Remus to an international tradition of Aeneas fleeing to Italy after the Sack of Troy during the Trojan War.

true

(Exam 1) Appius Claudius Caecus built Rome's 1st aqueduct AND 1st major road in the 4th century BC.

True

(Exam 1) What were three benefits of full Roman citizenship?

right vote, trial by jury, and exemption from certain forms of punishment.

(Exam 1) What are three major public works completed during the Monarchical Period?

Circus Maximus, Cloaca Maxima, and Pons Sublicius.

(Exam 1) A manumitted slave often became a client of his former master.

True

(Exam 1) What were three typical features of an elite Roman marriage ceremony?

signing a marriage contract, procession to the groom's house, and wedding feast

(Exam 1) What are three natural features/advantages of Rome's location?

convenient supply of volcanic stone for building, hills for defense, and crossroads of trade

(Exam 1) What were three common categories of slaves?

public, domestic, and industrial

(Exam 1) Roman senators were appointed for life.

True

(Exam 1) What were three major uses of the public water supply?

Baths, fountains, and latrines.

(Exam 1) What were three common sources of slaves?

military conquest, criminals, and children born of salves.

(Exam 1) What were three typical features of an aqueduct?

gravity-driven, settling tanks, and continual-flow.

(Exam 1) What were three typical features of a Roman road?

rest stops, drainage ditches, and mile stones.

(exam 1) What were three dangers commonly associated with public latrines?

demons, foul odors, and vermin.

(office) quaestor and aedile

public finances and markets(responsibility)

(office) praetor and consul

courts and armies(responsibility)

(exam 1) Monarchy (Regal Period)

Greek and Etruscan influence

(exam 1) republic

Expansion and aristocratic competition

(exam 1) empire

emperor, army, and people

(exam 1) built the Pantheon in Rome

Hardian

(exam 1) conquered the Dacians (eastern Europe)

Trajan

(exam 1)reorganized Rome

Augustus

(exam 1) monarchy and ariseocracy(good government)

tyranny and oligarchy(parallel "degenerate" form)

(Unit 1.2) What area of society was the monarchy's especially signifiant?

Art, architecture, and religion

(Unit 1.2) Describe 6 major public works completed at Rome during the monarchy

Cloaca Maxima ("great drain")• drains groundwater around the Palatine & Capitoline• Forum Romanum ("Roman Forum")• political, religious, legal, and commercial center• Forum Boarium ("Cattle Market")• Pons Sublicius (1st Bridge at Rome)• Circus Maximus (venue for chariot racing)• Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus ("Best & Greatest")

(unit 2.2) in addition to supplying potable water to the people of Rome, for what other purposes was water from aqueducts used?

Farmers, fountains, commercial

(unit 2.3) what were the main uses of Rome's roads?

they were used by soldiers to help them get to where they needed to go.

(unit 3.1) who was eligible to be a roman citizen and what were the benefits?

Adult free males, adult free women, and citizenship could be granted to allies.legal benefits (equality under the law, trial by jury, lawsuits, exempt fromcertain forms of taxation and punishment)• political benefits (vote, stand for office)• social benefits (marriage, inheritance, property)• military benefits (fight in the army)• commercial benefits (financial contracts)•

(unit 3.2) what is the Curus Honorum?

-Ordinary senatorial magistracies (quaestor, aedile, praetor, consul)-Extraordinary senatorial magistracies (dictator, censor, pontifex maximus)-Promagistracies (proconsul, propraetor)-Other magistracies (tribune, prefect)

(unit 3.2) what are the three symbols of power for the uppermost magistrates?

-sella Curulis->curule chair -toga praetexta -> bordered toga-lictores -> lictors/bodyguards

(Unit 3.3) what are the 4 primary types of activities that take place in the Forum Romanum?

-political -> Curia (senate house) restra (speakers platform)religious -> temples (vesta, janus, saturn)legal and commercial -> (basilica Julia and Basilica Temilia)

(unit 4.1) Describe 3 principle traits that guide Roman society

-tradition-virtue-duty

(unit 4.1) what are some of the roles filled by elite and non-elite Roman women?

elite women oversee the household. they educate girls and supervise slaves and weave and sew. non-elite women had to find work to support their families. Some worked as waitresses, prostitutes, or mid-wives.

(Unit 4.2) Describe the major sources of information about Roman slavery

from literature, legal texts, inscriptions, or archeology

(unit 4.3) Who established the Praetorian Guard at Rome and for what purposes?

Augustus to protect the emperor

(Exam 2) What were three features of a typical Roman atrium?

imagines ("masks"), shrine for family gods, impluvium ("catch-basin")

(Exam 2) black bile and blood(medical humor)

analytical and active

(Exam 2) yellow bile and phlegm(medical humor)

irritable and relaxed

(Exam 2) What were three features of a typical elite Roman funeral?

feast, eulogy, and procession

(Exam 2) Which three groups helped administer Rome's legal system?

consuls, popular assemblies, and praetors

(Exam 2) Imprisonment was a common punishment for law-breakers.

false

(Exam 2) 12 tables and institutes (law-code)

decemviri and gaius(authors)

(Exam 2) digest

justinian(author)

(Exam 2) What are the three parts of a Roman law?

preamble, main text, and sancito

(Exam 2) What were three typical features of a public garden in Rome?

fishponds, libraries, and sculptures

(Exam 2) What were the three parts of a Roman hypocaust?

pilae, tubuli, and parefurnium

(Exam 2) What were three staples of the typical Roman diet?

grain, wine, and olives

(Exam 2) At a formal Roman banquet, diners were typically assigned a specific place on a couch based on their social status.

true

(Exam 2) What were the four standard Roman chariot-racing teams?

white, blues, greens, and reds

(Exam 2) What were three typical performances in a Roman theater?

tragedies, comedies, and pantomimes

(Exam 2) What were the five basic elements of a munus legitimum?

animal fights, animal hunts, gladiator duels, pomp, and executions

(Exam 2) Gladiator duels in the Colosseum almost always ended with the death of at least one combatant.

false

(Exam 2) Prisoners of war were the largest source of gladiators.

true

(Exam 2) palaestra, apodyterium, and frigidarium

gymnasium, changing room, and cold room

(Exam 2) tepidarium and caldarium

warm room and hot room

(6.1) What group was established by Augustus to fight fires?

7000 Vigiles "watchmen"

(6.1) What was their primary techniques and resources?

They used buckets, water pumps, blankets, and axes.

(7.1) What were the two most popular gardens in Rome?

Gardens of Lucullus and Gardens of Sallust

(7.1) What are some of the main features of Gardens of Sallust?

obelisk• fish-ponds• temple of Venus• sculptures• porticus ("covered colonnade")

(7.1) main features of Gardens of Lucullus

libraries• sculptures• mosaics• nymphaea("grottos")• courtyards

(7.2) Describe how the hypocaust works(use latin terms)

praefurnium ("furnace")• pilae ("pillars" / "small columns")• suspensura ("[suspended] floor")• tubuli ("tubes")

(8) Describe the basic aspects of gladiator training

constant training and special diets

(8) who oversees gladiator training

Lanista the owner

(8.2) Who built the Colosseum and with what resources?

Vespasian, called it Amphithatrum Flavium. Stones, 50,000 seats, door elevators, hypodeum.

What are three characteristics of Nero's "architectural revolution"?

rooms with curvilinear and polygonal shape, open spaces made with massive vaults, extensive use of marble, painted stucco, and mosaic

What were four features of the Forum of Augustus?

Temple of Mars Ultor, statue of Augustus, statues of Romulus and Aeneas, exedras and porticoes

What were three activities that Augustus required to take place in his forum?

assumption of the toga virilis by young men, Governors making offerings before leaving for their provinces, Senate meeting to discuss war and peace

What were four features of the Forum of Trajan?

statues of Dacian prisoners, statue of Trajan, libraries (Greek and Latin), basilica

Which three religions were represented at Ostia?

christianity, judaism, mithraism

Which emperor built Portus' inner harbor?

trajan

Pliny the Younger described the initial eruption of Mt. Vesuvius as what kind of tree?

umbrella pine

Which group took control of Pompeii in the 4th century BC?

samnities

exam 3 (divinity) olympian god, demigod, nature spirit, foreign god, abstract idea

mars, hercules, pan, Mithras, and Fortuna

exam 3 (roman god) Jupiter, minerva, mars, Diana, and bacchus

zeus, Athena, ares, Artemis, dionysus

exam 3 (roman god) Juno, mercury, ceres, Venus, Vulcan

hera, hermes, demeter, Aphrodite, Hephaestus

exam 3(divnity) bacchus, vulcan, pluto, vesta, diana

god of wine/partying, god of the forge/fire, god of the underworld/weath, goddess of hearth/home, goddess of hunting

exam 3 (divinity) jupiter, juno, minerva, venus, mercury

king of the gods, protector of women/marriage, goddess of women and war/peace, goddess of love/beauty, and messenger god

what are 4 main priestly "colleges' at Rome and what are their primary functions?

1. pontifical college: pontifex maximus (chief priest), flamen dialis (priest of jupiter)2. augural college: birds, animal organs, omens/prodigies (lightning, earthquakes, etc.)