Heart Review Answers

Pulmonary Circuit

The right side of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs.

Systemic Circuit

The left side of the heart that pumps blood to the rest of the body.

Atria

The receiving chambers of the heart.

Ventricles

The pumping chambers of the heart.

Pericardium

The double-walled sac that surrounds the heart.

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium.

Cardiac Tamponade

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac.

Myocardium

The muscular layer of the heart wall.

Endocardium

The lining of the heart wall.

Coronary Sulcus

The groove between the atria and ventricles.

Atrioventricular Sulcus

Grooves on the front and back surfaces of the heart.

Auricles

Flaps that cover the atria.

Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

One of the vessels that brings blood to the right atrium.

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

Another vessel bringing blood to the right atrium.

Coronary Sinus

A vessel that drains blood from the heart muscle into the right atrium.

Pulmonary Veins

The vessels that return blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Pectinate Muscles

Muscles found in the atria.

Trabeculae Carneae

Ridges of muscle in the ventricles.

Chordae Tendinae

Strands that anchor the heart valves to the papillary muscles.

AV Valves

Valves located between the atria and ventricles.

Valvular Stenosis

A condition with stiff flaps in the heart valves.

Electrical Impulses

Signals that initiate heart contractions starting from the SA node.

SA Node

The pacemaker of the heart located in the right atrium.

Arrhythmia

An irregular heart rhythm.

Ectopic Focus

An abnormal pacemaker rhythm.

Tachycardia

An abnormally fast heart rate.

Bradycardia

An abnormally slow heart rate.

ECG (Electrocardiogram)

A tracing that reflects the electrical activity of the heart.

Cardiac Output

The amount of blood the heart pumps per minute.

Stroke Volume

The amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat.

Congestive Heart Failure

A condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood.

Foramen Ovale

An opening between the atria in the fetal heart.

Ductus Arteriosus

A connection between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in fetal circulation.

Ligamentum Arteriosum

The remnant of the ductus arteriosus in adults.