Enzyme Lecture BIO 113

exergonic

_________ reactions give off energy— these do not require ATP unless the purpose of the reaction is to store the energy

ATP

________ is a high energy compound that has chemical bonds that contain a large amount of chemical energy

phosphoanhyride

most of the energy is stored in __________ bonds

endergonic

________ reactions need energy from some source, usually ATP reactions which link ATP to carrying out the reaction are coupled

enzymes

_____ are biomolecules (usually proteins) which speed up reactions

true

T or F: enzymes are a type of catalyst

activation energy

enzymes work by speeding up a reaction by lowering the ___________.

activation energy

____________ is the energy required to start a reaction

active site

enzymes must bind their target molecule (substrate) at a chemical site on the molecule which is known as the ________-

substrate

an enzymes target molecule

active site

the ________ is where the chemical reaction on an enzyme takes place

release the product

enzymes bind to their substrate, carry out the reaction, and __________

binding to the active site

_________________is what lowers the activation energy of a reaction so that it can occur

ATP and substrate

for the enzyme to couple ATP and some other reaction, the enzyme must bind to both _______ and ______.

cofactor

a ________ is an additional molecule an enzyme needs to function

true

T or F: cofactors do not permanently change when bound to an enzyme

false

enzymes are not pH dependent

ion concentration

things that can affect enzymes: temperature, pH, and _________.

true

T or F: turning off one enzyme can stop the entire set of reactions

block

various chemicals can ______ the functions of different enzymes

competitive inhibitors

_______________ bind at the active site

non-competitive inhibitors

____________ bind somewhere else on the enzyme and cause it to change its shape

allosteric inhibitor

non-competitive inhibitors are also known as _________.