Module 8 Review: Energy Resources

Which fuel has the greater chemical potential energy per gram, coal or natural gas?

natural gas

hydroelectric

the use of moving water to turn turbine blades and generate electricity

Plastic comes from ____.

crude oil

Gasoline comes from _____.

crude oil

An increase in atmospheric _____________ is the main contributor to global climate change.

carbon dioxide

A resource that cannot be replaced by natural processes as quickly as it is used is a ______.

Non-renewable resource

An energy source that is replaced by natural processes faster than humans can consume the resource is a _____.

Renewable resource

_______ is the process that occurs when the nucleus of an atom splits apart and energy is released.

nuclear fission

Nuclear fission power plants use energy from fission to produce _____ to turn a turbine that generates electricity.

steam

Wind, solar, geothermal, and hydroelectric are examples of ________ energy sources. 

Renewable

Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are examples of ________energy sources.

Non-renewable

An advantage of nuclear fission power plants is that they ____.

do not release carbon dioxide into the air

A disadvantage of nuclear fission power plants is that they___.

generate radioactive waste that must be contained for many years

An advantage of nuclear fusion is that it ______

does not generate radioactive waste

What type of energy transformation occurs in a wind turbine

kinetic/mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy

What type of energy transformation occurs in an internal combustion engine?

chemical potential energy is converted to thermal and mechanical energy

What type of energy transformation occurs in a photovoltaic cell (solar cell)?

radiant energy from the sun is converted to electrical energy

When molten rock in the Earth is used to turn water to steam which turns a turbine to generate electricity, this is referred to as___.

geothermal

EV stands for _________________.

electric vehicle

Advantages of electric vehicles include

better energy efficiency, quiet, does not produce harmful gases, costs less to charge than buying gasoline

Disadvantages of electric vehicles

insurance is higher, charging takes longer than filling up with gasoline

As the population of Earth increases, the need for energy _____.

increases

A ________ molecule has 25 times the warming potential as a molecule of carbon dioxide

methane

Sulfur dioxide, SO₂, from fossil fuels such as coal combines with water in the air to create ____ .

acid rain

In Oklahoma, wind has recently surpassed ___ as the leading producer of electricity

natural gas

How does natural gas combustion compare to coal combustion?

burning natural gas produces more energy than burning coal

Why is the December 2022 breakthrough in fusion such a historic discovery?

If fusion can be deployed on a large scale, it would provide clean energy without producing pollution/greenhouse gases caused by the burning of fossil fuels and without the radioactive waste created by current nuclear fission power plants.

Oklahoma is currently the ____ leading state in wind energy.

4th

Oklahoma is the 6th largest producer of ________ largest producer of crude oil.

natural gas

The ________ ________  ________ resulted in the use of scrubbers to remove sulfur dioxide from coal combustion.

Clean Air Act

fusion

The process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

hydrogen fuel

A clean energy source produced from hydrogen, often used in fuel cells to generate electricity with water as the only byproduct.

fractional distillation

A separation process that divides a mixture into its component parts based on differences in boiling points, commonly used in the petrochemical industry to refine crude oil.

Products made from crude oil

include fuels like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, as well as various petrochemicals used in plastics and other materials.

Combustion of hydrocarbons produces

carbon dioxide and water vapor, releasing energy.