Chapter 13- World War 2

America and the World B

World War 2 dates

September 1, 1939-September 2, 1945

General Facts about WW2

Largest and deadliest war, fought on land, sea, and air, fought mostly on 3 continents- Europe, Africa, Asia

"Good War"

A war between good and evil to save our freedoms, way of life

Nationalism

extreme pride in one's country over individual rights

Imperialism

aggressive land take over

Militarism

Aggressive build up of a military that gains control of the government

Fascism

political philosophy that exalts nation above the individual, stands for an autocratic government headed by a dictator, severe economic and social control and forcible suppression of any opposition

Autocratic government

leader handles laws, decisions, and everything

Treaty of Versailles

signed at the end of world war 1

Who was required to take blame in WW2

Germany

Four main terms of the treaty of Versailles

1. War Guilt Cause- Germany should accept all blame for starting WW1
2. Reparations- Germany had to pay for damage caused by the war
3. Disarmament- Germany was allowed to have a small army, six naval ships, no tanks, no air force, no submarines, Rhineland was de-militarized
4. Territorial causes- land was taken away from Germany and given to other countries, union with Austria was forbidden

Causes of WW2

1. Treaty of Versailles
2. Hitler's aggressive actions
3. Failure of Appeasement
4. Failure of League of Nations

How did Germany feel about the Treaty

very unhappy, wanted revenge, humiliated, angry, some thought it was too harsh

Hitler's political ideas in his book Mein Kampf

Devotion to state above self
Goal to unite Germans of Europe in a great empire Modeled after Ancient Rome
Believe in racial superiority
believed Jews threatened the purity of Aryan race and said no intermarriage
Lebensraum

Mein Kampf

Hitler's book written in jail meaning "my struggles"

what did Hitler say he would do to the treaty

Rip it up, overturn it

Hitler's background

Born in Austria, mother was abused by father, came to Germany to fight in WW1, was considered patriotic and courageous for his commitment, had a talent for public speaking

Hitler's rise to power

Political and economic instability from WW1 fueled the rise of power
New political party- National Socialist Party of German Workers pro NAZI Party
In 1923 he organized an effort to seize power of Germany, Supposed to serve 5 years, but only served 9 months

President Von Hindenburg

president of Germany who appointed Hitler as chancellor, when he died Hitler made himself dictator for life

Night of the Long Knives

purge of the people who did not agree with Hitler

What did Hitler secretly began to do after becoming Chancellor

He secretly began building up the military, ships, weapons, and air force

March of 1936 Hitler ordered German troops where

Rhineland along the Rhine river

Hitler made a tripartite alliance with what two others country

Italy at first, then Japan joined to make the pact of steel

Leader of Italy

Benito Mussolini

Leader of Japan

Hideki Tojo

Mach of 1938 German troops marched where to get their land back

Marched to Austria, very peaceful no shots where fired, most people agreed and were happy with the takeover

Anschluss

union with Germany

What was the German speaking part of Czechoslovakia

Sudetenland

Annex

to join/add

Aggressive move Hitler made in March of 1939

Invaded the rest of Czech

Appeasement

sitting down and negotiating with someone to give in

Neville Chamberlain

Prime minister of Great Britain

What did Neville Chamberlain think about the Treaty of Versailles

Treated Germany badly, thought giving into Hitler would prevent war

Who signed the Munich agreement

Leaders of Germany, Britain, France, and Italy

What did the Munich agreement say

Sudetenland would be given to Germany and no further claims could be made, no agression

Munich agreement was viewed was viewed as what to other countries

A triumph example of securing peace, success

Did Hitler keep his word to the Munich Agreement

No, he invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia

Was Chamberlain's policy of appeasement a success or a failure

A failure, because everyone knew that Hitler had ignored the Treaty of Versailles, and kept invading more places

Is it wise to negotiate with a dictator

No, because a dictator does what they want and will do anything to get it. They do not care how others feel.

What was the League of Nations

An international organization set up in 1919 to help keep world peace

Why did the league of nations fail

-Not all countries joined
-Had No Power: main weapon was to ask member countries to stop trading with an aggressive country
-Had no Army: Soldiers were to be supplied by member countries, but no one wanted to supply
-Unable to Act quickly: only met 4 times a year, so if a crisis popped up no one could help

Characteristics of a Totalitarian Dictator

-Promises to return country to greatness
-Dynamic speaking styles that enabled them to achieve influence over people
-Stressed glory of the state over concerns of people
-Willing to use violence to gain power
-power and authority was to be unchallenged
-allowed no elections or political parties
-Believes the Nation becomes great through expanding Nation and claiming territory
-Controlled Newspapers, schools, businesses
-total control over daily life

Axis powers

Germany
Japan
Italy

Allied Powers

U.S.A
Great Britain
France
Soviet Union
China
Canada

Neutral Countries

Italy
Switzerland
Sweden
Portugal
Spain
Turkey
Ireland

German-Soviet non-aggression pact

Hitler won Joseph Stalin's agreement to stay out of Germany's way as it continues to expand
In return Hitler promised not to attack the Soviet Union and give Poland

Immediate cause of WW1

The German invasion of Poland causing France and Britain to declare war

Blitzkrieg

"lightening war" - swift surprise attacks combining infantry, tanks, and aircraft to quickly overwhelm the enemy

Punzers

German Tanks

The Phony War

The Winter of 1939-40, a long period of time where there was an apparent quiet through the winter which American press names the Phony War
Hitler was making plans

Hitler's purpose of taking Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg

to improve his access to the Atlantic Ocean

Why did France have a false sense of security

France felt secure but they should not have, they thought Germany was going to enter through the Maginot line but they surprise France and do not

Ardennes Forest

A forest that was rugged along the Northern border of Belgium and France

Maginot Line

A whole string of defended bunkers and forts along the borders of Germany and France

Where did Germany come through to invade France in 1940

Ardennes Forest

Hitler ordered the advance of troops to stop Why

He wanted soldiers out of bombing range of his Luftwaffe

Dunkirk

a sea port where the troops were positioned to prepare for battle and develop a evacuation plan

Operation Dynamo

code name for evacuation of allied troops from Dunkirk

What ships were used to ferry the thousands of soldiers across the English channel since Britain did not have enough

British citizens used their own fishing boats, yachts, paddle steamers, and other sea worthy boats

After evacuation at Dunkirk where did Germany go next

Germany invaded France, Paris fell days later, France surrendered

Winston Churchill

Prime minister of Great Britain starting in May of 1940, most famous for helping save Britain

English Channel

Narrow 23 mile stretch of water between Great Britain and France

"Someone Wake the Sleeping Giant" who and what does it mean

the sleeping giant was the United States and they wanted to ask us for help but we were not getting involved

Operation Sea Lion

Hitler's plan code name was an airborne assault to take out the Royal Air Force, landing on the South Coast of Britain

RAF

Royal Air Force- British air force

Luftwaffe

German Air Force

British Advantage

Use of radar to detect planes coming in
Home Turf so they could go down and refuel then go back up

German Advantage

A lot more more planes

What was the Blitz

Hitler bombed major cities and civilians in order to break the rescue of British
76 days of continuous bombing
After 3 months Hitler was forced to call it off

London Tube

Unground subway system

Isolationism

the desire to avoid involvement in foreign wars

Who were Isolationists

Republicans and Democrats
Most college students
Most of Congress
President Hoover
Father Coughlin
Most Americans
Heroes like aviator Charles Lindberg

Who was not an Isolationists

FDR

Reasons for American Isolationism

WW1 had been costly in lives, FEARFUL of another war
People were burdened by the Great Depression, FOCUSED on economic depression
This was not our war, people felt it was a FOREIGN WAR not ours to handle

Neutral

not aid to one side or another

Neutrality Acts

Set up to prevent us from going to war
1. banned sale of arms, ammunition, or any tools of war to warring nations
2. Prohibited loaning money to warring countries
3. Made it illegal to transport weapons or passengers to warring nations aboard American ships

Cash and Carry

Countries at war could purchase American goods as long as they paid cash and picked them up at American ports

Destroyers for Bases

Agreement between the U.S and U.K. made on Sept. 2, 1940, where we gave 50 old destroyer ships to the British Navy in exchange for building Military bases on British Islands

Lend Lease (arsenal of democracy)

FDR made a speech to congress declaring his goal of making the U.S a arsenal of democracy
FDR wanted the U.S to provide weapons to our allies so democracy could be saved in Europe

Arsenal

A place where weapons are stored

Why did FDR want to provide weapons to Allied countries and not remain isolationist

if the other countries lost their democracy so would the U.S

Atlantic Charter

Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly on a ship off the coast of New Foundland, Canada
Drafted a Charter stating the goals and aims of the allies during WW2 in opposing Hitler
Stating that U.S and Great Britain sought no territory, citizens of every country should be given freedom, right of self determination, should be restored where it was taken away, trade barriers lowered
Charter mandated freedom of the seas, renounced the use of force to settle international disputes and called post war disarmament

What event led to the involvement of the U.S in WW2

The bombing of Pearl Harbor

Sunday December 7, 1941

Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii

Japanese plan

destroy American Pacific Fleet so that Americans would not be able to fight back as Japan's armed forces spread across the South Pacific taking territory after territory

Admiral Yamamoto

responsible for planning pearl harbor

USS Arizona

A ship mashed by a bomb sunk within 9 minutes, killing many, still leaks oil slowly today

USS Oklahoma

A ship hit by a torpedo that capsized and slipped underwater

Pearl Harbor

A naval base out of Oahu, Hawaii

Infamy

being famous for a shameful, disgraceful, horrible act

Did Congress vote war

All but one women

why did Hitler use the radio

brain washing weapon

Why were books burned

books that Hitler deemed opposition to the NAZIS
or did not glorify war

What was going on in America of August of 1939

Worlds Fair in New York

Why did the world fair end

Germany invaded Poland

How did the U.S mobilize the Armed Forces

Government spending was sharply increased to equip and properly train our troops
Military bases were established for training , located mostly in rural areas where there was plenty of space California had most bases
The draft was expanded
Americans were eager to defend their country so millions volunteered, signed up
16 million Americans would enter the armed forces

Mobilize

to get troops ready for action/war, prepare for war

In America who has the power to declare war

Congress

Who is the commander of chief of the armed forces and has the right to administer the war and make decisions in times of war?

President of the U.S

How were women involved

Join the military and took part in support roles which would free up more men
1. WAVES
2. WASP
3. WAC