WARBECK

KEY PLAYERS

- Irish Earls + people of Cork
- Charles VIII of France
- Margaret of Burgundy + Philip of Burgundy
- Maximillian, Holy Roman Emperor
- James IV of Scotland
- Perkin Warbeck
- Sir William Stanley, Henry's step uncle

1472-74 TOURNAI, FLANDERS

- Born in Tournai in Flanders in Netherlands (P.W.)

1491 CORK, IRELAND

- Made claim to be rightful king of England as Richard, Duke of York, younger of two princes in tower
- Earl of Kildare reluctant

1492 FRANCE

- Invited by Charles VIII and treated like a prince but Henry's prompt actions meant he was soon no longer welcome so moved on to Burgundy where MofB recognised him as her nephew
- Agents from Burgundy recruiting supporters in England, exploiting loyalties to Edward IV, although most rounded up and put on trial
- Stanley sent Clifford to speak to Warbeck and Clifford informed Henry who had Stanley executed for treason

1495 DEAL, KENT

- Warbeck attempted a landing at Deal, Kent with 300 soldiers, failed to get local support and fled, leaving men behind who were captured, tried and executed
Warbeck then moved to Scotland where James IV keen to cause trouble for his traditional enemy

1496 SCOTLAND

- Warbeck invaded England with 1,400 men but was unable to recruit much support in the North and retreated
Henry forced to raise taxes to fund an army to fight Warbeck and this provoked rebellion in Cornwall in June 97

1497 IRELAND

- James IV tiring in his support of Warbeck and Warbeck left Scotland for Ireland where he again failed to raise any support so he moved back to Ireland, where he failed to gain support, then on to Cornwall to try his luck there, but didn't arrive in Land's End until September

1497 BLACKHEATH, KENT

- 15,000 Cornish rebels protested at the level of taxation for war at the other end of the country, they marched to London and Henry was forced to divert troops in the North to meet rebels at Blackheath in Kent where he won a decisive victory over the poorly equipped men (1,000 rebels killed)

1497 LAND'S END, CORNWALL

- By his arrival in September, the 1,400 men with whom he'd invaded from Scotland had become 300. He attracted between 3,000 and 8,000 men in Cornwall, but not the gentry and nobility of the South West.
- Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon defended Exeter against rebels. Warbeck and supporters moved on to Taunton where they were trapped by advancing royal forces led by Giles Daubeney and Warbeck was captured.

1498 HENRY'S COURT

- Warbeck initially accepted at Court and not imprisoned, but tried to escape in June, was arrested and put in Tower where he tried to plot with the earl of Warwick (or was tricked or framed)

1499 LONDON

- Both Warbeck and Warwick tried for treason. Warbeck hanged and Warwick beheaded.

HOW DID HENRY BEAT WARBECK THROUGH BUILDING THE TUDOR DYNASTY?

- Had defeated Simnel
- Henry on throne for 6 years by 1491
- Arthur 86 + Margaret 89 + Henry 91 + Mary 96

HOW DID HENRY BEAT WARBECK THROUGH SECURING A FOREIGN ALLIANCE?

- 1489 Medina del Campo
- Neutrality
- Marriage alliance

HOW DID HENRY BEAT WARBECK THROUGH PUNISHMENTS + REWARDS?

- William Stanley + 24 Acts of Attainder in 1495
- Edward Courtenay rewarded with land in southwest and defended Exeter
- Bonds and recognisances
Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset under bond, helped to crush 1497 risings and bond cancelled in 1499

HOW DID HENRY BEAT WARBECK THROUGH RESOURCES + SPIES?

- Kent, 1495, troops and defences waiting
- Network of spies informing him of Warbeck's movements
- Exeter - Henry coordinated military response allowing him to send reinforcements to Earl of Devon and drive Warbeck into a trap at Taunton

HOW DID HENRY BEAT WARBECK THROUGH LACK OF YORKIST SUPPORT?

- Yorkist support faded away as supporters died/accepted Henry's rule
- 95, 96 & 97 - no significant domestic support
- De la Pole dead & Warwick in tower so Yorkists lacked a leader