pharma:M13

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43 Terms

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Infection

caused by foreign pathogen that activates the immune system

2
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four types of anti infective drugs include antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and?

antiprotozoal

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organism that can cause disease is called

pathogen

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human pathogens include viruses, bacteria, protozoa and?

fungi

5
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contain a THICK cell wall and retain purple colour after staining

gram positive

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thinner cell wall and lose violet stain

gram negative

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rod shaped bacteria

bacilli

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spiral shaped bacteria

spirilla

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spherical shaped bacteria

cocci

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aerobic organisms thrive in ? rich environment

oxygen

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organisms that grow best without oxygen

anaerobic

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inhibits growth or reproduction of bacteria by inhibiting DNA synthesis

bacteriostatic

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kills bacteria by poking holes in cell wal

bactericidal

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broad spectrum antibiotics work against ? gram positive and gram negative bacteria

both

15
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work against either gram positive or gram negative bacteria

narrow

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penicillin is an example of which spectrum antibiotic

broad spectrum

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evolved bacterium that causes infection and is difficult to treat due to its resistance to penicillin and penicillin related antibiotics

MRSA

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strains of enterococci bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotic vacomycin

VRE

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bacterial enzyme which break down and destroy commonly used antibiotics including penicillins and cephalosporins

ESBL

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microorganism that must be isolated

culture grown

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takes about 48 hours to identify the microorganism, treatment reevaluated

culture and sensitivity

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effective against gram positive bacteria and few gram negative bacteria

penicillin

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first to fifth generation and vary in broad spectrum ability and has longer duration of action

cephalosporins

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cephalosporins can cause what

pseudomembranous colitits

25
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activity against gram negative pathogens. this should not be taken with vitamin, mineral supplements or warfarin (decreased absorption)

fluoroquinolones

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this is effective for aerobic gram negative bacteria, myobacteria and some protozoans

aminoglycosides

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aminoflycosides can cause ? so you should monitor urine output

nephrotoxicity

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Drug of choice for oral infections

Clindamycin

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as effective as vancomycin for MRSA \n infections. Can cause thrombocytopenia

Linezolid

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for severe S. aureus and Streptococcus \n pneumoniae infections that are resistant to other \n antibiotics. Causes nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Red- \n man syndrome may occur with rapid IV administration

Vancomycin

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bactericidal and inhibit construction of \n bacterial cell wall. Carbapenem ring is very resistant to \n destruction by beta-lactamase. Can only be given IV. \n Examples: imipenem, meropenem

Carbapenems

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for anaerobes and H. pylori \n stomach infections associated with PUD. One of a few \n drugs that have a dual activity against both bacteria and \n protozoa.

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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An organism with the primary purpose \n to decompose dead plants/animals; \n Grow slowly; \n Cause disease by replication

fungi

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fungal infection that targets skin, mucous membranes or genital tracts

candidiasis

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antifungal medications work by causing fungal cell wall to become

porous and leaky

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small infectious agent that is unable to replicate without a living host cell

virus

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ways to prevent viral infections include handwashing and

vaccinations

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should be given with 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. Shortens duration of disease from 7 days to 5 days and may \n reduce complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia which may lead to death

influenza treatment

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antiviral medications works by inhibiting ?? in the cell

viral nucleic acid synthesis

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DNA viruses that cause repeated, blister- \n like lesions on the skin, genitals, and other \n mucous membranes

herpes viruses

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this can decrease the frequency of acute herpes episodes and intensity of acute disease

antivirals

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pharmacotherapy for herpes include acyclovir and

valacyclovir

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what two lab tests are used to guide pharmacotherapy for HIV

•Viral load in the plasma (if high) \n •CD4 lymphocyte count (if low)